{"id":{"repo_id":"nps","oai_identifier":"oai:calhoun.nps.edu:10945/26850"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/nps/oai:calhoun.nps.edu:10945/26850","repository":{"repo_id":"nps","name":"Naval Postgraduate School","base_url":"https://calhoun.nps.edu/server/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"The advantage of the color-code modality versus alphanumeric- and symbol-code","abstract":"This study describes an experiment designed to investigate potential advantages and/or disadvantages of color-coding relative to symbol - or alphanumeric-codes. Performance was evaluated in terms of reaction time and the number and type of errors made. The stimuli used in the experiment were the letters: E, F, N, U, the colors: red, yellow, green, blue, and the symbols: square, triangle, circle, and cross. They stood for enemy, friendly, neutral, and unknown forces, respectively. The analysis of the data obtained from the experiment suggested that the color- and symbol-codes were significantly better than the alphanumeric-code with respect to the number of errors. The reaction time of the color-code was shortest, followed by the symbol-code with reaction time for the alphanumerics being longest.","abstract_html":"This study describes an experiment designed to investigate potential advantages and/or disadvantages of color-coding relative to symbol - or alphanumeric-codes. Performance was evaluated in terms of reaction time and the number and type of errors made. The stimuli used in the experiment were the letters: E, F, N, U, the colors: red, yellow, green, blue, and the symbols: square, triangle, circle, and cross. They stood for enemy, friendly, neutral, and unknown forces, respectively. The analysis of the data obtained from the experiment suggested that the color- and symbol-codes were significantly better than the alphanumeric-code with respect to the number of errors. The reaction time of the color-code was shortest, followed by the symbol-code with reaction time for the alphanumerics being longest.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Hoops, Henning"],"institution":"Monterey, CA; Naval Postgraduate School","degree_name":null,"degree_level":null,"degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":"Operations Research","school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":["Neil, Douglas E."],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":1980,"date_issued":"1980-03","date_published":"1980-03","updated_at":"2026-07-27T20:24:23Z","subjects":[],"languages":[],"rights":["Copyright is reserved by the copyright owner"],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10945/26850","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.advisor","label":"Advisor","values":["Neil, Douglas E."]},{"key":"dc:contributor.department","label":"Department","values":["Operations Research"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Hoops, Henning"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.accessioned","label":"Dc Date Accessioned","values":["2013-01-23T22:07:25Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2013-01-23T22:07:25Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["1980-03"]},{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["Monterey, CA; Naval Postgraduate School"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["Copyright is reserved by the copyright owner"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["https://hdl.handle.net/10945/26850"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["This study describes an experiment designed to investigate potential advantages and/or disadvantages of color-coding relative to symbol - or alphanumeric-codes. Performance was evaluated in terms of reaction time and the number and type of errors made. The stimuli used in the experiment were the letters: E, F, N, U, the colors: red, yellow, green, blue, and the symbols: square, triangle, circle, and cross. They stood for enemy, friendly, neutral, and unknown forces, respectively. The analysis of the data obtained from the experiment suggested that the color- and symbol-codes were significantly better than the alphanumeric-code with respect to the number of errors. The reaction time of the color-code was shortest, followed by the symbol-code with reaction time for the alphanumerics being longest."]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["The advantage of the color-code modality versus alphanumeric- and symbol-code"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor.advisor":["Neil, Douglas E."],"dc:contributor.department":["Operations Research"],"dc:creator":["Hoops, Henning"],"dc:date.accessioned":["2013-01-23T22:07:25Z"],"dc:date.available":["2013-01-23T22:07:25Z"],"dc:date.issued":["1980-03"],"dc:description.abstract":["This study describes an experiment designed to investigate potential advantages and/or disadvantages of color-coding relative to symbol - or alphanumeric-codes. Performance was evaluated in terms of reaction time and the number and type of errors made. The stimuli used in the experiment were the letters: E, F, N, U, the colors: red, yellow, green, blue, and the symbols: square, triangle, circle, and cross. They stood for enemy, friendly, neutral, and unknown forces, respectively. The analysis of the data obtained from the experiment suggested that the color- and symbol-codes were significantly better than the alphanumeric-code with respect to the number of errors. The reaction time of the color-code was shortest, followed by the symbol-code with reaction time for the alphanumerics being longest."],"dc:identifier.uri":["https://hdl.handle.net/10945/26850"],"dc:publisher":["Monterey, CA; Naval Postgraduate School"],"dc:rights":["Copyright is reserved by the copyright owner"],"dc:title":["The advantage of the color-code modality versus alphanumeric- and symbol-code"],"dc:type":["Thesis"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-27T20:24:23Z"}