An analysis of the implications of the transition to Net Zero economy by Mobile Network Operators in the MEA Region

Purpose: This study analyses the implications of the transition to Net Zero economy by MNOs in the MEA region by examining the alignment, challenges and execution gaps of Net Zero strategies across these organisations. It aims to assess the extent to which these MNOs are integrating Net Zero requirements into core business operations. The research explores both operational and strategic readiness, highlighting important enablers and barriers to progress. It also explores the effectiveness of current stakeholders’ engagement, innovation practices, and supply chain approaches. The objective is to provide a comprehensive assessment of how MNOs are positioning themselves in relation to global Net Zero transition efforts. <br/>Design/methodology/approach: The research adopts a qualitative design, relying on narrative extraction to explore the implications of a transition to Net Zero economy by MNOs. The study focuses on a single case study organisation with operations across seven Middle Eastern and African markets. A purposeful sampling was used to ensure representation across all organisational levels and business units. Data collection was conducted through semi-structured interviews, which gathered expert insights on the organisation's alignment with Net Zero transition strategies, as well as associated challenges and potential solutions. Prior to the main data collection, a pilot test was conducted to evaluate both the clarity and relevance of the interview questions, allowing for necessary adjustments. The qualitative data obtained was analysed using Microsoft Excel to identify key themes and patterns.<br/>Findings: Net Zero strategies adoption remains weak, with an overall alignment rate of just 47%, despite high compliance to Net Zero standards (86%), suggesting a gap between formality and impact. The MNOs in Jordan (JO), Sudan (SD), and Iraq (IQ) significantly outperformed the 4.2% annual reduction target, achieving 21%, 16%, and 7% respectively, while those in Bahrain (BH) and Saudi Arabia (KSA) fell short with only 1%, reflecting weak renewable adoption, poor efficiency, or limited incentives. Jordan (JO) excelled through Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs), demonstrating their effectiveness as a core decarbonisation strategy. In contrast, South Sudan (SSD) and Kuwait (KW) performed worst, increasing emissions by 13% and 6% respectively, which indicates a lack of Net Zero transition planning and strategic alignment. Key challenges include limited investment in renewable energy and low-emissions technologies, cultural resistance, a lack of process integration, and a lack of supplier accountability, particularly for Scope 3 emissions. Structural issues such as fragmented governance, inadequate financial modelling, poor incentives and rewards systems undermine meaningful progress. The study finds that passive reliance on policy change and the relegation of procurement functions significantly slow down transformation. Without comprehensive strategic integration, current approaches to Net Zero transition risk being symbolic rather than substantive.<br/>

Name dc:type.qualificationname

Doctoral Thesis

Level dc:type.qualificationlevel

Student thesis

Grantor dc:publisher.institution

University of Northampton

Year dc:date.issued

2026

Author dc:creator

• Bationo, Wilfried

Advisors dc:contributor.advisor

• Vanger, Emmanuel Terngu
• Crowther, David A.

• Net Zero
• MNOs
• Emissions
• Transition
• Decarbonization
• Climate change
• Energy

Language dc:language

eng

Identifier

oai:pure.atira.dk:studenttheses/8a6391a7-64ea-4b71-9c5d-5a762d1cedf7

OAI identifier oai:identifier

oai:pure.atira.dk:studenttheses/8a6391a7-64ea-4b71-9c5d-5a762d1cedf7