Based on research associating mindfulness with improvements in well-being, attention, and memory processes, brief mindfulness exercises may be helpful in enhancing the encoding of novel semantic information. A Swahili-English word pair association task was used to examine whether engaging in a brief mindfulness exercise enhanced the encoding of Swahili-English word pairs, thus improving long-term recall. Participants recruited from the undergraduate population at a Midwestern university were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: engaging in a 20 minute body scan meditation, a 45 minute body scan meditation, or a control group prior to learning Swahili-English word pairs. Separate analyses of variance were conducted for number of words recalled, changes in state anxiety scores, and state mindfulness scores. Results showed significantly more words recalled by members of the 20 minute group compared to members of the control group. Although there were more words recalled by the 45 minute group members when compared to the control group, it was not a statistically significant difference. Self-reported mean levels of state mindfulness were significantly higher after the meditation exercise for the 20 and 45 minute groups compared to the controls. None of the groups showed significant changes in mean levels of self-reported state anxiety on measures collected before and after the meditation exercise. Some preliminary evidence of gender effects was found for both recall and state mindfulness, but more research is needed with a larger representation of
male students to strengthen the conclusions that might be drawn from these gender-specific findings.
","abstract_html":"<p>Based on research associating mindfulness with improvements in well-being, attention, and memory processes, brief mindfulness exercises may be helpful in enhancing the encoding of novel semantic information. A Swahili-English word pair association task was used to examine whether engaging in a brief mindfulness exercise enhanced the encoding of Swahili-English word pairs, thus improving long-term recall. Participants recruited from the undergraduate population at a Midwestern university were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: engaging in a 20 minute body scan meditation, a 45 minute body scan meditation, or a control group prior to learning Swahili-English word pairs. Separate analyses of variance were conducted for number of words recalled, changes in state anxiety scores, and state mindfulness scores. Results showed significantly more words recalled by members of the 20 minute group compared to members of the control group. Although there were more words recalled by the 45 minute group members when compared to the control group, it was not a statistically significant difference. Self-reported mean levels of state mindfulness were significantly higher after the meditation exercise for the 20 and 45 minute groups compared to the controls. None of the groups showed significant changes in mean levels of self-reported state anxiety on measures collected before and after the meditation exercise. Some preliminary evidence of gender effects was found for both recall and state mindfulness, but more research is needed with a larger representation of </p> <p>male students to strengthen the conclusions that might be drawn from these gender-specific findings.</p>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Bonamo, Kristin"],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Master of Arts (MA)","degree_level":"Thesis","degree_discipline":"Psychology","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["John-Paul Legerski"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2013,"date_issued":"2013-01-01T08:00:00Z","date_published":"2013-01-01T08:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T03:26:30Z","subjects":["attention, learning, long-term memory, mindfulness, test anxiety"],"languages":[],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://commons.und.edu/theses/1505","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["John-Paul Legerski"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Bonamo, Kristin"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Psychology"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Arts (MA)"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["attention, learning, long-term memory, mindfulness, test anxiety"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://commons.und.edu/theses/1505"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Based on research associating mindfulness with improvements in well-being, attention, and memory processes, brief mindfulness exercises may be helpful in enhancing the encoding of novel semantic information. A Swahili-English word pair association task was used to examine whether engaging in a brief mindfulness exercise enhanced the encoding of Swahili-English word pairs, thus improving long-term recall. Participants recruited from the undergraduate population at a Midwestern university were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: engaging in a 20 minute body scan meditation, a 45 minute body scan meditation, or a control group prior to learning Swahili-English word pairs. Separate analyses of variance were conducted for number of words recalled, changes in state anxiety scores, and state mindfulness scores. Results showed significantly more words recalled by members of the 20 minute group compared to members of the control group. Although there were more words recalled by the 45 minute group members when compared to the control group, it was not a statistically significant difference. Self-reported mean levels of state mindfulness were significantly higher after the meditation exercise for the 20 and 45 minute groups compared to the controls. None of the groups showed significant changes in mean levels of self-reported state anxiety on measures collected before and after the meditation exercise. Some preliminary evidence of gender effects was found for both recall and state mindfulness, but more research is needed with a larger representation of
male students to strengthen the conclusions that might be drawn from these gender-specific findings.
"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["The Influence Of Brief Mindfulness Exercise On Encoding Of Novel Words"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["John-Paul Legerski"],"dc:creator":["Bonamo, Kristin"],"dc:description.abstract":["Based on research associating mindfulness with improvements in well-being, attention, and memory processes, brief mindfulness exercises may be helpful in enhancing the encoding of novel semantic information. A Swahili-English word pair association task was used to examine whether engaging in a brief mindfulness exercise enhanced the encoding of Swahili-English word pairs, thus improving long-term recall. Participants recruited from the undergraduate population at a Midwestern university were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: engaging in a 20 minute body scan meditation, a 45 minute body scan meditation, or a control group prior to learning Swahili-English word pairs. Separate analyses of variance were conducted for number of words recalled, changes in state anxiety scores, and state mindfulness scores. Results showed significantly more words recalled by members of the 20 minute group compared to members of the control group. Although there were more words recalled by the 45 minute group members when compared to the control group, it was not a statistically significant difference. Self-reported mean levels of state mindfulness were significantly higher after the meditation exercise for the 20 and 45 minute groups compared to the controls. None of the groups showed significant changes in mean levels of self-reported state anxiety on measures collected before and after the meditation exercise. Some preliminary evidence of gender effects was found for both recall and state mindfulness, but more research is needed with a larger representation of
male students to strengthen the conclusions that might be drawn from these gender-specific findings.
"],"dc:identifier":["https://commons.und.edu/theses/1505"],"dc:subject":["attention, learning, long-term memory, mindfulness, test anxiety"],"dc:title":["The Influence Of Brief Mindfulness Exercise On Encoding Of Novel Words"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Psychology"],"thesis:degree_level":["Thesis"],"thesis:degree_name":["Master of Arts (MA)"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T03:26:30Z"}