This study contributed to the expanding field of research examining the various aspects of White privilege attitudes. This study extended White privilege research by incorporating the predictive relationships of multicultural efficacy, multicultural empathy, multicultural experience, and multicultural training in assessing White privilege attitudes among a sample of White resident hall directors (N =206). Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used in the current study to examine the mediating effect of multicultural efficacy on White privilege attitudes measured by the White Privilege Attitude Scale, Psychosocial Costs of Racism to Whites, and Color Blind Racial Attitudes Scale. Goodness of fit was not found for the hypothesized model. However, additional correlation analyses (multiple regressions and univariate correlations) revealed that multicultural empathy, rather than multicultural efficacy, is a significant predictor of all the White privilege attitudes measured by the WPAS, PCRW, and CoBRAS. Recommendations for future research and multicultural training efforts in residence life are discussed.
","abstract_html":"<p>This study contributed to the expanding field of research examining the various aspects of White privilege attitudes. This study extended White privilege research by incorporating the predictive relationships of multicultural efficacy, multicultural empathy, multicultural experience, and multicultural training in assessing White privilege attitudes among a sample of White resident hall directors (N =206). Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used in the current study to examine the mediating effect of multicultural efficacy on White privilege attitudes measured by the White Privilege Attitude Scale, Psychosocial Costs of Racism to Whites, and Color Blind Racial Attitudes Scale. Goodness of fit was not found for the hypothesized model. However, additional correlation analyses (multiple regressions and univariate correlations) revealed that multicultural empathy, rather than multicultural efficacy, is a significant predictor of all the White privilege attitudes measured by the WPAS, PCRW, and CoBRAS. Recommendations for future research and multicultural training efforts in residence life are discussed.</p>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Szerlong, Sarah Jo"],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)","degree_level":"Dissertation","degree_discipline":"Counseling Psychology & Community Services","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Kara B. Wettersten"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2012,"date_issued":"2012-01-01T08:00:00Z","date_published":"2012-01-01T08:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T03:26:17Z","subjects":["Multiple Regression, Residence Life, Structural Equation Modeling, White Privilege"],"languages":[],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://commons.und.edu/theses/1323","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Kara B. Wettersten"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Szerlong, Sarah Jo"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Counseling Psychology & Community Services"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Dissertation"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Multiple Regression, Residence Life, Structural Equation Modeling, White Privilege"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://commons.und.edu/theses/1323"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["This study contributed to the expanding field of research examining the various aspects of White privilege attitudes. This study extended White privilege research by incorporating the predictive relationships of multicultural efficacy, multicultural empathy, multicultural experience, and multicultural training in assessing White privilege attitudes among a sample of White resident hall directors (N =206). Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used in the current study to examine the mediating effect of multicultural efficacy on White privilege attitudes measured by the White Privilege Attitude Scale, Psychosocial Costs of Racism to Whites, and Color Blind Racial Attitudes Scale. Goodness of fit was not found for the hypothesized model. However, additional correlation analyses (multiple regressions and univariate correlations) revealed that multicultural empathy, rather than multicultural efficacy, is a significant predictor of all the White privilege attitudes measured by the WPAS, PCRW, and CoBRAS. Recommendations for future research and multicultural training efforts in residence life are discussed.
"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Multicultural Efficacy Among White Resident Hall Directors: Predicting White Privilege Attitudes"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Kara B. Wettersten"],"dc:creator":["Szerlong, Sarah Jo"],"dc:description.abstract":["This study contributed to the expanding field of research examining the various aspects of White privilege attitudes. This study extended White privilege research by incorporating the predictive relationships of multicultural efficacy, multicultural empathy, multicultural experience, and multicultural training in assessing White privilege attitudes among a sample of White resident hall directors (N =206). Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used in the current study to examine the mediating effect of multicultural efficacy on White privilege attitudes measured by the White Privilege Attitude Scale, Psychosocial Costs of Racism to Whites, and Color Blind Racial Attitudes Scale. Goodness of fit was not found for the hypothesized model. However, additional correlation analyses (multiple regressions and univariate correlations) revealed that multicultural empathy, rather than multicultural efficacy, is a significant predictor of all the White privilege attitudes measured by the WPAS, PCRW, and CoBRAS. Recommendations for future research and multicultural training efforts in residence life are discussed.
"],"dc:identifier":["https://commons.und.edu/theses/1323"],"dc:subject":["Multiple Regression, Residence Life, Structural Equation Modeling, White Privilege"],"dc:title":["Multicultural Efficacy Among White Resident Hall Directors: Predicting White Privilege Attitudes"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Counseling Psychology & Community Services"],"thesis:degree_level":["Dissertation"],"thesis:degree_name":["Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T03:26:17Z"}