The increasing importance of index of refraction liquids in nonopaque mineral determination is stressed, with the fact that sets of index liquids are relatively easy to make with a few media and simple equipment. The desired features of an immersion series are listed.
The end members selected for this set of index liquids are: 1) methyl butyrate; 2) “Nujol”; 3) α-chloronaptalene; 4)1-bromonapthalene; 5) methylene iodide.
The approximate index of a mixture of two liquids may be determined from the formula V1N1+V2N2=(V1+V2)n, but the resulting index must be verified by other means. Mixing curve may be drawn by plotting a graph in which index of refraction is a function of composition by volume; the curve is used to determine the proportions necessary to make any liquid with a desired index of refraction.
The liquids may be standardized with a refractometer or a one-circle goniometer; the building and operation of a goniometer is discussed.
","abstract_html":"<p>The increasing importance of index of refraction liquids in nonopaque mineral determination is stressed, with the fact that sets of index liquids are relatively easy to make with a few media and simple equipment. The desired features of an immersion series are listed. </p><p>The end members selected for this set of index liquids are: 1) methyl butyrate; 2) “Nujol”; 3) α-chloronaptalene; 4)1-bromonapthalene; 5) methylene iodide.</p><p>The approximate index of a mixture of two liquids may be determined from the formula V1N1+V2N2=(V1+V2)n, but the resulting index must be verified by other means. Mixing curve may be drawn by plotting a graph in which index of refraction is a function of composition by volume; the curve is used to determine the proportions necessary to make any liquid with a desired index of refraction. </p><p>The liquids may be standardized with a refractometer or a one-circle goniometer; the building and operation of a goniometer is discussed. </p>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Bednar, Jesse E."],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Bachelor of Science (BS)","degree_level":"Thesis","degree_discipline":"Geology","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":1959,"date_issued":"1959-01-01T08:00:00Z","date_published":"1959-01-01T08:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T03:24:58Z","subjects":[],"languages":[],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://commons.und.edu/senior-projects/39","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Bednar, Jesse E."]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Geology"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Bachelor of Science (BS)"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://commons.und.edu/senior-projects/39"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["The increasing importance of index of refraction liquids in nonopaque mineral determination is stressed, with the fact that sets of index liquids are relatively easy to make with a few media and simple equipment. The desired features of an immersion series are listed.
The end members selected for this set of index liquids are: 1) methyl butyrate; 2) “Nujol”; 3) α-chloronaptalene; 4)1-bromonapthalene; 5) methylene iodide.
The approximate index of a mixture of two liquids may be determined from the formula V1N1+V2N2=(V1+V2)n, but the resulting index must be verified by other means. Mixing curve may be drawn by plotting a graph in which index of refraction is a function of composition by volume; the curve is used to determine the proportions necessary to make any liquid with a desired index of refraction.
The liquids may be standardized with a refractometer or a one-circle goniometer; the building and operation of a goniometer is discussed.
"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["The Preparation of Certain Index of Refraction Liquids"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:creator":["Bednar, Jesse E."],"dc:description.abstract":["The increasing importance of index of refraction liquids in nonopaque mineral determination is stressed, with the fact that sets of index liquids are relatively easy to make with a few media and simple equipment. The desired features of an immersion series are listed.
The end members selected for this set of index liquids are: 1) methyl butyrate; 2) “Nujol”; 3) α-chloronaptalene; 4)1-bromonapthalene; 5) methylene iodide.
The approximate index of a mixture of two liquids may be determined from the formula V1N1+V2N2=(V1+V2)n, but the resulting index must be verified by other means. Mixing curve may be drawn by plotting a graph in which index of refraction is a function of composition by volume; the curve is used to determine the proportions necessary to make any liquid with a desired index of refraction.
The liquids may be standardized with a refractometer or a one-circle goniometer; the building and operation of a goniometer is discussed.
"],"dc:identifier":["https://commons.und.edu/senior-projects/39"],"dc:title":["The Preparation of Certain Index of Refraction Liquids"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Geology"],"thesis:degree_level":["Thesis"],"thesis:degree_name":["Bachelor of Science (BS)"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T03:24:58Z"}