Non-invasive fecal sampling is essential for wildlife gut microbiome (GMB) research, yet field conditions often limit preservation options. I compared gut bacterial communities in paired fecal samples preserved in stabilization tubes and air-dried in paper bags collected from anesthetized African lions (Panthera leo) and spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta) in Etosha National Park, Namibia. Additional opportunistic samples from carnivore kill sites were also analyzed. No significant differences in alpha or beta diversity were detected between preserved and dried samples, although bacterial beta diversity differed between preserved and opportunistic samples (PERMANOVA). Core bacterial communities remained consistent across sample conditions, supporting the use of opportunistic samples for GMB studies in remote arid settings. I also evaluated how parasite presence, abundance, and co-infection related to GMB diversity and composition. Parasite richness and composition differed between hosts, with cestodes such as Echinococcus prevalent in both. Several parasite taxa were significantly associated with bacterial beta diversity, particularly in opportunistic samples. Strongyloides in lions and Echinococcus in hyenas were linked to altered bacterial composition and reduced abundance of beneficial taxa. These findings validate low-cost preservation methods and suggest that parasites may modulate gut microbiota in wild carnivores, with implications for host health and conservation.
","abstract_html":"<p>Non-invasive fecal sampling is essential for wildlife gut microbiome (GMB) research, yet field conditions often limit preservation options. I compared gut bacterial communities in paired fecal samples preserved in stabilization tubes and air-dried in paper bags collected from anesthetized African lions (<em>Panthera leo</em>) and spotted hyenas (<em>Crocuta crocuta</em>) in Etosha National Park, Namibia. Additional opportunistic samples from carnivore kill sites were also analyzed. No significant differences in alpha or beta diversity were detected between preserved and dried samples, although bacterial beta diversity differed between preserved and opportunistic samples (PERMANOVA). Core bacterial communities remained consistent across sample conditions, supporting the use of opportunistic samples for GMB studies in remote arid settings. I also evaluated how parasite presence, abundance, and co-infection related to GMB diversity and composition. Parasite richness and composition differed between hosts, with cestodes such as <em>Echinococcus </em>prevalent in both. Several parasite taxa were significantly associated with bacterial beta diversity, particularly in opportunistic samples. <em>Strongyloides</em> in lions and <em>Echinococcus</em> in hyenas were linked to altered bacterial composition and reduced abundance of beneficial taxa. These findings validate low-cost preservation methods and suggest that parasites may modulate gut microbiota in wild carnivores, with implications for host health and conservation.</p>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Peirson, Laura E"],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Master of Science","degree_level":"Thesis","degree_discipline":"Biology","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Diana Lafferty"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2025,"date_issued":"2025-08-01T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2025-08-01T07:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T03:24:36Z","subjects":["gut microbiome","gastrointestinal parasites","metagenomics","bioinformatics","wildlife microbiome","African carnivores","host-microbiome dynamics","parasite-microbiome dynamics","taxonomic profiling","shotgun metagenomics","Biology","Ecology and Evolutionary Biology","Environmental Microbiology and Microbial Ecology","Microbiology","Zoology"],"languages":[],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://commons.nmu.edu/theses/901","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Diana Lafferty"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Peirson, Laura E"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2025-07-07T07:00:00Z"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Biology"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Science"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["gut microbiome","gastrointestinal parasites","metagenomics","bioinformatics","wildlife microbiome","African carnivores","host-microbiome dynamics","parasite-microbiome dynamics","taxonomic profiling","shotgun metagenomics","Biology","Ecology and Evolutionary Biology","Environmental Microbiology and Microbial Ecology","Microbiology","Zoology"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://commons.nmu.edu/theses/901"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Non-invasive fecal sampling is essential for wildlife gut microbiome (GMB) research, yet field conditions often limit preservation options. I compared gut bacterial communities in paired fecal samples preserved in stabilization tubes and air-dried in paper bags collected from anesthetized African lions (Panthera leo) and spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta) in Etosha National Park, Namibia. Additional opportunistic samples from carnivore kill sites were also analyzed. No significant differences in alpha or beta diversity were detected between preserved and dried samples, although bacterial beta diversity differed between preserved and opportunistic samples (PERMANOVA). Core bacterial communities remained consistent across sample conditions, supporting the use of opportunistic samples for GMB studies in remote arid settings. I also evaluated how parasite presence, abundance, and co-infection related to GMB diversity and composition. Parasite richness and composition differed between hosts, with cestodes such as Echinococcus prevalent in both. Several parasite taxa were significantly associated with bacterial beta diversity, particularly in opportunistic samples. Strongyloides in lions and Echinococcus in hyenas were linked to altered bacterial composition and reduced abundance of beneficial taxa. These findings validate low-cost preservation methods and suggest that parasites may modulate gut microbiota in wild carnivores, with implications for host health and conservation.
"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["MICROBIAL GUARDIANS OF THE SAVANNAH: UNRAVELING THE GUT MICROBIOME FOR AFRICAN CARNIVORE CONSERVATION"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Diana Lafferty"],"dc:creator":["Peirson, Laura E"],"dc:date.available":["2025-07-07T07:00:00Z"],"dc:description.abstract":["Non-invasive fecal sampling is essential for wildlife gut microbiome (GMB) research, yet field conditions often limit preservation options. I compared gut bacterial communities in paired fecal samples preserved in stabilization tubes and air-dried in paper bags collected from anesthetized African lions (Panthera leo) and spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta) in Etosha National Park, Namibia. Additional opportunistic samples from carnivore kill sites were also analyzed. No significant differences in alpha or beta diversity were detected between preserved and dried samples, although bacterial beta diversity differed between preserved and opportunistic samples (PERMANOVA). Core bacterial communities remained consistent across sample conditions, supporting the use of opportunistic samples for GMB studies in remote arid settings. I also evaluated how parasite presence, abundance, and co-infection related to GMB diversity and composition. Parasite richness and composition differed between hosts, with cestodes such as Echinococcus prevalent in both. Several parasite taxa were significantly associated with bacterial beta diversity, particularly in opportunistic samples. Strongyloides in lions and Echinococcus in hyenas were linked to altered bacterial composition and reduced abundance of beneficial taxa. These findings validate low-cost preservation methods and suggest that parasites may modulate gut microbiota in wild carnivores, with implications for host health and conservation.
"],"dc:identifier":["https://commons.nmu.edu/theses/901"],"dc:subject":["gut microbiome","gastrointestinal parasites","metagenomics","bioinformatics","wildlife microbiome","African carnivores","host-microbiome dynamics","parasite-microbiome dynamics","taxonomic profiling","shotgun metagenomics","Biology","Ecology and Evolutionary Biology","Environmental Microbiology and Microbial Ecology","Microbiology","Zoology"],"dc:title":["MICROBIAL GUARDIANS OF THE SAVANNAH: UNRAVELING THE GUT MICROBIOME FOR AFRICAN CARNIVORE CONSERVATION"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Biology"],"thesis:degree_level":["Thesis"],"thesis:degree_name":["Master of Science"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T03:24:36Z"}