Research on decomposition in aquatic environments is limited compared to what is known about decomposition in terrestrial environments. Additionally, many taphonomy studies have been conducted in riverine, or saltwater environments, which are fundamentally different from freshwater lake or pond environments. This pilot study sought to determine the effects of two freshwater environments on decomposition by examining the impact of submersion and the water environment itself. This research involved the placement of six fetal pigs in three different but spatially related decomposition environments. Two pigs were placed in an intermittent creek with a notable current, two in a nearby pond created by a beaver dam that resulted in a reservoir fed by the same intermittent creek into which the first two subjects were placed, and two in a wooded area adjacent to both. Over one month, water quality measurements were collected alongside notes, and photographs were taken to document morphoscopic changes in the research subjects; additional data collected included ambient temperature, water temperature, surface temperature (of the specimens on land), rate of the current in the creek, and observations of scavenger activity. Notable differences were observed between the rates of decomposition among the research subjects in the three environments, including their visible progression through decomposition and insect activity. In general, decomposition rates were found to be highly influenced by deposition environment (i.e., aquatic v. terrestrial), and aquatic decomposition was found to be influenced by water movement and depth.
","abstract_html":"<p>Research on decomposition in aquatic environments is limited compared to what is known about decomposition in terrestrial environments. Additionally, many taphonomy studies have been conducted in riverine, or saltwater environments, which are fundamentally different from freshwater lake or pond environments. This pilot study sought to determine the effects of two freshwater environments on decomposition by examining the impact of submersion and the water environment itself. This research involved the placement of six fetal pigs in three different but spatially related decomposition environments. Two pigs were placed in an intermittent creek with a notable current, two in a nearby pond created by a beaver dam that resulted in a reservoir fed by the same intermittent creek into which the first two subjects were placed, and two in a wooded area adjacent to both. Over one month, water quality measurements were collected alongside notes, and photographs were taken to document morphoscopic changes in the research subjects; additional data collected included ambient temperature, water temperature, surface temperature (of the specimens on land), rate of the current in the creek, and observations of scavenger activity. Notable differences were observed between the rates of decomposition among the research subjects in the three environments, including their visible progression through decomposition and insect activity. In general, decomposition rates were found to be highly influenced by deposition environment (i.e., aquatic v. terrestrial), and aquatic decomposition was found to be influenced by water movement and depth.</p>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Bell, Leah"],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Master of Individualized Study","degree_level":"Thesis","degree_discipline":"Interdisciplinary","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Dr. Jane Harris"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2025,"date_issued":"2025-05-01T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2025-05-01T07:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T03:24:36Z","subjects":["Freshwater","Decomposition","Anthropology","Upper Peninsula","Taphonomy","Fetal Pigs","Michigan","Biological and Physical Anthropology","Biology"],"languages":[],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://commons.nmu.edu/theses/887","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Dr. Jane Harris"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Bell, Leah"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2030-03-31T07:00:00Z"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Interdisciplinary"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Individualized Study"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Freshwater","Decomposition","Anthropology","Upper Peninsula","Taphonomy","Fetal Pigs","Michigan","Biological and Physical Anthropology","Biology"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://commons.nmu.edu/theses/887"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Research on decomposition in aquatic environments is limited compared to what is known about decomposition in terrestrial environments. Additionally, many taphonomy studies have been conducted in riverine, or saltwater environments, which are fundamentally different from freshwater lake or pond environments. This pilot study sought to determine the effects of two freshwater environments on decomposition by examining the impact of submersion and the water environment itself. This research involved the placement of six fetal pigs in three different but spatially related decomposition environments. Two pigs were placed in an intermittent creek with a notable current, two in a nearby pond created by a beaver dam that resulted in a reservoir fed by the same intermittent creek into which the first two subjects were placed, and two in a wooded area adjacent to both. Over one month, water quality measurements were collected alongside notes, and photographs were taken to document morphoscopic changes in the research subjects; additional data collected included ambient temperature, water temperature, surface temperature (of the specimens on land), rate of the current in the creek, and observations of scavenger activity. Notable differences were observed between the rates of decomposition among the research subjects in the three environments, including their visible progression through decomposition and insect activity. In general, decomposition rates were found to be highly influenced by deposition environment (i.e., aquatic v. terrestrial), and aquatic decomposition was found to be influenced by water movement and depth.
"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["EXAMINING THE EFFECTS OF A FRESHWATER ENVIRONMENT ON DECOMPOSITION: A PILOT STUDY"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Dr. Jane Harris"],"dc:creator":["Bell, Leah"],"dc:date.available":["2030-03-31T07:00:00Z"],"dc:description.abstract":["Research on decomposition in aquatic environments is limited compared to what is known about decomposition in terrestrial environments. Additionally, many taphonomy studies have been conducted in riverine, or saltwater environments, which are fundamentally different from freshwater lake or pond environments. This pilot study sought to determine the effects of two freshwater environments on decomposition by examining the impact of submersion and the water environment itself. This research involved the placement of six fetal pigs in three different but spatially related decomposition environments. Two pigs were placed in an intermittent creek with a notable current, two in a nearby pond created by a beaver dam that resulted in a reservoir fed by the same intermittent creek into which the first two subjects were placed, and two in a wooded area adjacent to both. Over one month, water quality measurements were collected alongside notes, and photographs were taken to document morphoscopic changes in the research subjects; additional data collected included ambient temperature, water temperature, surface temperature (of the specimens on land), rate of the current in the creek, and observations of scavenger activity. Notable differences were observed between the rates of decomposition among the research subjects in the three environments, including their visible progression through decomposition and insect activity. In general, decomposition rates were found to be highly influenced by deposition environment (i.e., aquatic v. terrestrial), and aquatic decomposition was found to be influenced by water movement and depth.
"],"dc:identifier":["https://commons.nmu.edu/theses/887"],"dc:subject":["Freshwater","Decomposition","Anthropology","Upper Peninsula","Taphonomy","Fetal Pigs","Michigan","Biological and Physical Anthropology","Biology"],"dc:title":["EXAMINING THE EFFECTS OF A FRESHWATER ENVIRONMENT ON DECOMPOSITION: A PILOT STUDY"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Interdisciplinary"],"thesis:degree_level":["Thesis"],"thesis:degree_name":["Master of Individualized Study"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T03:24:36Z"}