Native American Grave Protection Act (NAGPRA) was enacted in 1990 as a way for federally recognized tribes to bring home Ancestors and belongings that have been held captive in universities, museums, and government agencies. This thesis examines if NAGPRA helps Tribal nations in their goals for repatriation and protection as intended. By connecting with Tribal Historic Preservation Officers (THPO) from Anishinaabe Tribes in the State of Michigan via survey and interview, this study demonstrates that Indigenous voices are important, especially in writing their own history. This thesis sought to answer the questions: Does NAGPRA harm or help tribes? Where are the Indigenous voices? It argues that, while the NAGPRA process may seem beneficial, it can cause harm to tribe-to-institution relationship facilitation, hindering repatriation abilities and disregarding the primary basis for the law: that all humans deserve human rights. The author and this work are situated at the intersection between Anthropology and Native American Studies. Qualitative and quantitative analysis was conducted through these intersecting lenses alongside Indigenous Standpoint Theory, resulting in the discovery of thematic elements such as consciousness, connectedness, and cause. The results from the knowledge shared indicated that NAGPRA was helpful in the letter of the law and suggest that the law has gone as far as it can. The problem lies within the spirit of the law. This was seen in the lack of recognition of Indigenous science and perspectives, dehumanizing language, lack of compliance, and poor effort from institutions to form relationships with Tribal nations.
","abstract_html":"<p>Native American Grave Protection Act (NAGPRA) was enacted in 1990 as a way for federally recognized tribes to bring home Ancestors and belongings that have been held captive in universities, museums, and government agencies. This thesis examines if NAGPRA helps Tribal nations in their goals for repatriation and protection as intended. By connecting with Tribal Historic Preservation Officers (THPO) from Anishinaabe Tribes in the State of Michigan via survey and interview, this study demonstrates that Indigenous voices are important, especially in writing their own history. This thesis sought to answer the questions: Does NAGPRA harm or help tribes? Where are the Indigenous voices? It argues that, while the NAGPRA process may seem beneficial, it can cause harm to tribe-to-institution relationship facilitation, hindering repatriation abilities and disregarding the primary basis for the law: that all humans deserve human rights. The author and this work are situated at the intersection between Anthropology and Native American Studies. Qualitative and quantitative analysis was conducted through these intersecting lenses alongside Indigenous Standpoint Theory, resulting in the discovery of thematic elements such as consciousness, connectedness, and cause. The results from the knowledge shared indicated that NAGPRA was helpful in the letter of the law and suggest that the law has gone as far as it can. The problem lies within the spirit of the law. This was seen in the lack of recognition of Indigenous science and perspectives, dehumanizing language, lack of compliance, and poor effort from institutions to form relationships with Tribal nations.</p>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["LaLonde, Rylee S"],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Master of Individualized Study","degree_level":"Thesis","degree_discipline":"Interdisciplinary","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Malorie Albee"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2024,"date_issued":"2024-04-01T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2024-04-01T07:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T03:24:36Z","subjects":["NAGPRA","Indigenous perspectives","repatriation","collection history","human rights","Anthropology"],"languages":[],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://commons.nmu.edu/theses/841","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Malorie Albee"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["LaLonde, Rylee S"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2024-04-03T07:00:00Z"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Interdisciplinary"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Individualized Study"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["NAGPRA","Indigenous perspectives","repatriation","collection history","human rights","Anthropology"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://commons.nmu.edu/theses/841"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Native American Grave Protection Act (NAGPRA) was enacted in 1990 as a way for federally recognized tribes to bring home Ancestors and belongings that have been held captive in universities, museums, and government agencies. This thesis examines if NAGPRA helps Tribal nations in their goals for repatriation and protection as intended. By connecting with Tribal Historic Preservation Officers (THPO) from Anishinaabe Tribes in the State of Michigan via survey and interview, this study demonstrates that Indigenous voices are important, especially in writing their own history. This thesis sought to answer the questions: Does NAGPRA harm or help tribes? Where are the Indigenous voices? It argues that, while the NAGPRA process may seem beneficial, it can cause harm to tribe-to-institution relationship facilitation, hindering repatriation abilities and disregarding the primary basis for the law: that all humans deserve human rights. The author and this work are situated at the intersection between Anthropology and Native American Studies. Qualitative and quantitative analysis was conducted through these intersecting lenses alongside Indigenous Standpoint Theory, resulting in the discovery of thematic elements such as consciousness, connectedness, and cause. The results from the knowledge shared indicated that NAGPRA was helpful in the letter of the law and suggest that the law has gone as far as it can. The problem lies within the spirit of the law. This was seen in the lack of recognition of Indigenous science and perspectives, dehumanizing language, lack of compliance, and poor effort from institutions to form relationships with Tribal nations.
"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Tribal Relations and NAGPRA: Consciousness, Connectedness, and Cause"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Malorie Albee"],"dc:creator":["LaLonde, Rylee S"],"dc:date.available":["2024-04-03T07:00:00Z"],"dc:description.abstract":["Native American Grave Protection Act (NAGPRA) was enacted in 1990 as a way for federally recognized tribes to bring home Ancestors and belongings that have been held captive in universities, museums, and government agencies. This thesis examines if NAGPRA helps Tribal nations in their goals for repatriation and protection as intended. By connecting with Tribal Historic Preservation Officers (THPO) from Anishinaabe Tribes in the State of Michigan via survey and interview, this study demonstrates that Indigenous voices are important, especially in writing their own history. This thesis sought to answer the questions: Does NAGPRA harm or help tribes? Where are the Indigenous voices? It argues that, while the NAGPRA process may seem beneficial, it can cause harm to tribe-to-institution relationship facilitation, hindering repatriation abilities and disregarding the primary basis for the law: that all humans deserve human rights. The author and this work are situated at the intersection between Anthropology and Native American Studies. Qualitative and quantitative analysis was conducted through these intersecting lenses alongside Indigenous Standpoint Theory, resulting in the discovery of thematic elements such as consciousness, connectedness, and cause. The results from the knowledge shared indicated that NAGPRA was helpful in the letter of the law and suggest that the law has gone as far as it can. The problem lies within the spirit of the law. This was seen in the lack of recognition of Indigenous science and perspectives, dehumanizing language, lack of compliance, and poor effort from institutions to form relationships with Tribal nations.
"],"dc:identifier":["https://commons.nmu.edu/theses/841"],"dc:subject":["NAGPRA","Indigenous perspectives","repatriation","collection history","human rights","Anthropology"],"dc:title":["Tribal Relations and NAGPRA: Consciousness, Connectedness, and Cause"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Interdisciplinary"],"thesis:degree_level":["Thesis"],"thesis:degree_name":["Master of Individualized Study"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T03:24:36Z"}