Previous exercise science research has excluded transgender nonbinary individuals from their studies. Exercise has been shown to improve symptoms of depression and anxiety as well as improve body composition. Purpose: Identify the impacts of exogenous testosterone on relative strength and levels of self-compassion in transgender nonbinary individuals. Methods: Eighteen untrained individuals (6 transgender nonbinary, 6 ciswomen, and 6 cismen, mean age of 23.7 ± 3.5 years) were recruited and randomly assigned to an 8-week resistance training group or a non-exercise control group. Participants completed a 12-question survey of self-compassion followed by, assessment of strength for chest and leg press. Results: Data was analyzed using three-way (group x time x category) mixed ANOVA and effect size was reported as partial eta squared. There were no statistically significant results. Partial eta squared values shows high effect for chest press intervention and category (0.559 & 0.323). Levels of self-compassion & Category indicate low effect in the intervention (ηp2 = 0.004) effect and high effect within the category (ηp2 =0.295). Regardless of gender, relative strength increased. Conclusions: Levels of relative strength may have had positive statistical significance with the inclusion of more participants due to the effect size seen. These results have implications suggesting further research is needed understand exogenous testosterone, to levels of self-compassion and relative strength.
","abstract_html":"<p>Previous exercise science research has excluded transgender nonbinary individuals from their studies. Exercise has been shown to improve symptoms of depression and anxiety as well as improve body composition. <strong>Purpose</strong>: Identify the impacts of exogenous testosterone on relative strength and levels of self-compassion in transgender nonbinary individuals.<strong> Methods</strong>: Eighteen untrained individuals (6 transgender nonbinary, 6 ciswomen, and 6 cismen, mean age of 23.7 ± 3.5 years) were recruited and randomly assigned to an 8-week resistance training group or a non-exercise control group. Participants completed a 12-question survey of self-compassion followed by, assessment of strength for chest and leg press. <strong>Results: </strong>Data was analyzed using three-way (group x time x category) mixed ANOVA and effect size was reported as partial eta squared. There were no statistically significant results. Partial eta squared values shows high effect for chest press intervention and category (0.559 & 0.323). Levels of self-compassion & Category indicate low effect in the intervention (ηp<sup>2 </sup>= 0.004) effect and high effect within the category (ηp<sup>2 </sup>=0.295). Regardless of gender, relative strength increased. <strong>Conclusions:</strong> Levels of relative strength may have had positive statistical significance with the inclusion of more participants due to the effect size seen. These results have implications suggesting further research is needed understand exogenous testosterone, to levels of self-compassion and relative strength.</p>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Sikora, Nadine"],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Master of Science","degree_level":"Thesis","degree_discipline":"Health and Human Performance","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Dr. Wuorinene"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2022,"date_issued":"2022-08-01T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2022-08-01T07:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T03:24:24Z","subjects":["Trans","mental health","gender affirming care","physical activity","pilot study","Exercise Science"],"languages":[],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://commons.nmu.edu/theses/715","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Dr. Wuorinene"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Sikora, Nadine"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2022-07-18T07:00:00Z"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Health and Human Performance"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Science"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Trans","mental health","gender affirming care","physical activity","pilot study","Exercise Science"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://commons.nmu.edu/theses/715"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Previous exercise science research has excluded transgender nonbinary individuals from their studies. Exercise has been shown to improve symptoms of depression and anxiety as well as improve body composition. Purpose: Identify the impacts of exogenous testosterone on relative strength and levels of self-compassion in transgender nonbinary individuals. Methods: Eighteen untrained individuals (6 transgender nonbinary, 6 ciswomen, and 6 cismen, mean age of 23.7 ± 3.5 years) were recruited and randomly assigned to an 8-week resistance training group or a non-exercise control group. Participants completed a 12-question survey of self-compassion followed by, assessment of strength for chest and leg press. Results: Data was analyzed using three-way (group x time x category) mixed ANOVA and effect size was reported as partial eta squared. There were no statistically significant results. Partial eta squared values shows high effect for chest press intervention and category (0.559 & 0.323). Levels of self-compassion & Category indicate low effect in the intervention (ηp2 = 0.004) effect and high effect within the category (ηp2 =0.295). Regardless of gender, relative strength increased. Conclusions: Levels of relative strength may have had positive statistical significance with the inclusion of more participants due to the effect size seen. These results have implications suggesting further research is needed understand exogenous testosterone, to levels of self-compassion and relative strength.
"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["THE EFFECTS OF EXOGENOUS VIRILIZING TESTOSTERONE ON STRENGTH TRAINING AND SELF-COMPASSION IN TRANSGENDER NONBINARY INDIVIDUALS"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Dr. Wuorinene"],"dc:creator":["Sikora, Nadine"],"dc:date.available":["2022-07-18T07:00:00Z"],"dc:description.abstract":["Previous exercise science research has excluded transgender nonbinary individuals from their studies. Exercise has been shown to improve symptoms of depression and anxiety as well as improve body composition. Purpose: Identify the impacts of exogenous testosterone on relative strength and levels of self-compassion in transgender nonbinary individuals. Methods: Eighteen untrained individuals (6 transgender nonbinary, 6 ciswomen, and 6 cismen, mean age of 23.7 ± 3.5 years) were recruited and randomly assigned to an 8-week resistance training group or a non-exercise control group. Participants completed a 12-question survey of self-compassion followed by, assessment of strength for chest and leg press. Results: Data was analyzed using three-way (group x time x category) mixed ANOVA and effect size was reported as partial eta squared. There were no statistically significant results. Partial eta squared values shows high effect for chest press intervention and category (0.559 & 0.323). Levels of self-compassion & Category indicate low effect in the intervention (ηp2 = 0.004) effect and high effect within the category (ηp2 =0.295). Regardless of gender, relative strength increased. Conclusions: Levels of relative strength may have had positive statistical significance with the inclusion of more participants due to the effect size seen. These results have implications suggesting further research is needed understand exogenous testosterone, to levels of self-compassion and relative strength.
"],"dc:identifier":["https://commons.nmu.edu/theses/715"],"dc:subject":["Trans","mental health","gender affirming care","physical activity","pilot study","Exercise Science"],"dc:title":["THE EFFECTS OF EXOGENOUS VIRILIZING TESTOSTERONE ON STRENGTH TRAINING AND SELF-COMPASSION IN TRANSGENDER NONBINARY INDIVIDUALS"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Health and Human Performance"],"thesis:degree_level":["Thesis"],"thesis:degree_name":["Master of Science"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T03:24:24Z"}