Increased attentional bias to threat has been identified as a causal mechanism in the development of anxiety. As such, attention bias modification (ABM) was conceived as a treatment option where anxiety is alleviated through a computerized cognitive training regimen that reduces an individual’s attentional bias to threat. However, few studies to date have examined how to tailor ABM treatments to unique individuals and how that may facilitate greater generalization of treatment effects in the real world. Additionally, the neural mechanisms underlying ABM are poorly understood. The participants in this study gave a list of the 10 things that caused them the most anxiety and those stimuli were incorporated into the ABM design in place of typically, experimenter-generated stimuli. A control group completed a self-relevant variant of the dot-probe task in place of ABM. Pre and post-testing, consisting of the dot-probe task while NIRS activity was recorded, did not reveal significant changes in behavior or brain activation. However, examination of the control group’s data revealed that participants generally displayed an attention bias towards their self-relevant threats and that reaction time stabilized after an initial session, implying that a practice session may facilitate more reliable results with the dot-probe task. Interestingly, participants only showed an attention bias on trials involving the top half of the screen and attention bias scores garnered from top and bottom trials separately were highly correlated across sessions, suggesting that researchers may need to consider the spatial location of the target in order to draw more reliable results.
","abstract_html":"<p>Increased attentional bias to threat has been identified as a causal mechanism in the development of anxiety. As such, attention bias modification (ABM) was conceived as a treatment option where anxiety is alleviated through a computerized cognitive training regimen that reduces an individual’s attentional bias to threat. However, few studies to date have examined how to tailor ABM treatments to unique individuals and how that may facilitate greater generalization of treatment effects in the real world. Additionally, the neural mechanisms underlying ABM are poorly understood. The participants in this study gave a list of the 10 things that caused them the most anxiety and those stimuli were incorporated into the ABM design in place of typically, experimenter-generated stimuli. A control group completed a self-relevant variant of the dot-probe task in place of ABM. Pre and post-testing, consisting of the dot-probe task while NIRS activity was recorded, did not reveal significant changes in behavior or brain activation. However, examination of the control group’s data revealed that participants generally displayed an attention bias towards their self-relevant threats and that reaction time stabilized after an initial session, implying that a practice session may facilitate more reliable results with the dot-probe task. Interestingly, participants only showed an attention bias on trials involving the top half of the screen and attention bias scores garnered from top and bottom trials separately were highly correlated across sessions, suggesting that researchers may need to consider the spatial location of the target in order to draw more reliable results.</p>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Aday, Jacob Scott"],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Master of Science","degree_level":"Thesis","degree_discipline":"Psychological Science","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Dr. Joshua Carlson"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2017,"date_issued":"2017-08-01T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2017-08-01T07:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T03:23:47Z","subjects":["attention bias modification","dot-probe task","near-infrared spectroscopy","attention bias","affective attention","Biological Psychology","Cognitive Psychology"],"languages":[],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://commons.nmu.edu/theses/145","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Dr. Joshua Carlson"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Aday, Jacob Scott"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2017-09-01T07:00:00Z"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Psychological Science"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Science"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["attention bias modification","dot-probe task","near-infrared spectroscopy","attention bias","affective attention","Biological Psychology","Cognitive Psychology"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://commons.nmu.edu/theses/145"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Increased attentional bias to threat has been identified as a causal mechanism in the development of anxiety. As such, attention bias modification (ABM) was conceived as a treatment option where anxiety is alleviated through a computerized cognitive training regimen that reduces an individual’s attentional bias to threat. However, few studies to date have examined how to tailor ABM treatments to unique individuals and how that may facilitate greater generalization of treatment effects in the real world. Additionally, the neural mechanisms underlying ABM are poorly understood. The participants in this study gave a list of the 10 things that caused them the most anxiety and those stimuli were incorporated into the ABM design in place of typically, experimenter-generated stimuli. A control group completed a self-relevant variant of the dot-probe task in place of ABM. Pre and post-testing, consisting of the dot-probe task while NIRS activity was recorded, did not reveal significant changes in behavior or brain activation. However, examination of the control group’s data revealed that participants generally displayed an attention bias towards their self-relevant threats and that reaction time stabilized after an initial session, implying that a practice session may facilitate more reliable results with the dot-probe task. Interestingly, participants only showed an attention bias on trials involving the top half of the screen and attention bias scores garnered from top and bottom trials separately were highly correlated across sessions, suggesting that researchers may need to consider the spatial location of the target in order to draw more reliable results.
"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["EVALUATING THE USE OF SELF-RELEVANT STIMULI IN ATTENTION BIAS MODIFICATION TRAINING AS A TREATMENT FOR ANXIETY: A NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY STUDY"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Dr. Joshua Carlson"],"dc:creator":["Aday, Jacob Scott"],"dc:date.available":["2017-09-01T07:00:00Z"],"dc:description.abstract":["Increased attentional bias to threat has been identified as a causal mechanism in the development of anxiety. As such, attention bias modification (ABM) was conceived as a treatment option where anxiety is alleviated through a computerized cognitive training regimen that reduces an individual’s attentional bias to threat. However, few studies to date have examined how to tailor ABM treatments to unique individuals and how that may facilitate greater generalization of treatment effects in the real world. Additionally, the neural mechanisms underlying ABM are poorly understood. The participants in this study gave a list of the 10 things that caused them the most anxiety and those stimuli were incorporated into the ABM design in place of typically, experimenter-generated stimuli. A control group completed a self-relevant variant of the dot-probe task in place of ABM. Pre and post-testing, consisting of the dot-probe task while NIRS activity was recorded, did not reveal significant changes in behavior or brain activation. However, examination of the control group’s data revealed that participants generally displayed an attention bias towards their self-relevant threats and that reaction time stabilized after an initial session, implying that a practice session may facilitate more reliable results with the dot-probe task. Interestingly, participants only showed an attention bias on trials involving the top half of the screen and attention bias scores garnered from top and bottom trials separately were highly correlated across sessions, suggesting that researchers may need to consider the spatial location of the target in order to draw more reliable results.
"],"dc:identifier":["https://commons.nmu.edu/theses/145"],"dc:subject":["attention bias modification","dot-probe task","near-infrared spectroscopy","attention bias","affective attention","Biological Psychology","Cognitive Psychology"],"dc:title":["EVALUATING THE USE OF SELF-RELEVANT STIMULI IN ATTENTION BIAS MODIFICATION TRAINING AS A TREATMENT FOR ANXIETY: A NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY STUDY"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Psychological Science"],"thesis:degree_level":["Thesis"],"thesis:degree_name":["Master of Science"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T03:23:47Z"}