{"id":{"repo_id":"njit","oai_identifier":"oai:digitalcommons.njit.edu:dissertations-1374"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/njit/oai:digitalcommons.njit.edu:dissertations-1374","repository":{"repo_id":"njit","name":"NJIT","base_url":"https://digitalcommons.njit.edu/do/oai/"},"display":{"title":"Synthesis, molecular and solid state structures, and magnetic properties of sandwich lanthanide phthalocyanines lacking C-H bonds","abstract":"A new class of sandwich phthalocyanine (Pc) compounds without C-H bonds was synthesized and characterized. They are the bis[octakis(perfluoro i-C_3F_7) octakis(perfluoro)phthalocyaninato(2-)]M(III) complexes, formulated as (F_{64}Pc)_2MH, M = Tb, Dy, Lu, Y. Single molecular magnetic (SMM) behavior in the (F_{64}Pc)_2TbH and (F_{64}Pc)_2DyH complexes was confirmed through slowed relaxation response of their magnetization in an applied time varying magnetic field during alternating current (AC) magnetic testing in the range 2 - 50 K. The energy barrier to magnetic reversal, [Delta] = 215 cm^{-1} and the pre-exponential factor, [tau]_0^{-1} = 2.7 x 10^{7-1} were estimated for the undiluted (F_{64}Pc)_2TbH with direct current bias magnetic field (Hdc) of 1000 Oe applied. Undiluted (F_{64}Pc)_2DyH gave estimated values of [Delta] = 31 cm^{-1} and [tau]_0^{-1} = 1.6 x 10^5 s^{-1} at Hdc = 500 Oe. These respective values are within the range observed for the unsubstituted Tb and Dy analogues. Magnetic hysteresis testing at 0.04 K exhibited hysteresis in both of these complexes. Magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) tests on (F_{64}Pc)_2Tb frozen in acetone at 1.8-1.9 K exhibited a \"butterfly shaped\" hysteresis which appeared to depend on the oxidation state of the complex and which also provided evidence of quantum tunneling of magnetization. The chemical tuning of the Pc macrocycle of these complexes through the replacement of the H atoms with the electron withdrawing fluorine atom and i-C_3F_7 group has created additional functionalities. Thermal analysis in the forms of thermogravi metric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry showed the complexes to be stable up to 450 C in air and N_2. Cyclic voltammetry revealed four reduced and one oxidized states, the oxidized state occurring at > 1.2 V, showing the complexes' resistance to oxidation. The (F_{64}Pc)_2MH compounds derive their uniqueness as [(F_{64}Pc)_2M]- sandwich phthalocyanine complexes with exceptional thermal and oxidative stability.","abstract_html":"A new class of sandwich phthalocyanine (Pc) compounds without C-H bonds was synthesized and characterized. They are the bis[octakis(perfluoro i-C_3F_7) octakis(perfluoro)phthalocyaninato(2-)]M(III) complexes, formulated as (F_{64}Pc)_2MH, M = Tb, Dy, Lu, Y. Single molecular magnetic (SMM) behavior in the (F_{64}Pc)_2TbH and (F_{64}Pc)_2DyH complexes was confirmed through slowed relaxation response of their magnetization in an applied time varying magnetic field during alternating current (AC) magnetic testing in the range 2 - 50 K. The energy barrier to magnetic reversal, [Delta] = 215 cm^{-1} and the pre-exponential factor, [tau]_0^{-1} = 2.7 x 10^{7-1} were estimated for the undiluted (F_{64}Pc)_2TbH with direct current bias magnetic field (Hdc) of 1000 Oe applied. Undiluted (F_{64}Pc)_2DyH gave estimated values of [Delta] = 31 cm^{-1} and [tau]_0^{-1} = 1.6 x 10^5 s^{-1} at Hdc = 500 Oe. These respective values are within the range observed for the unsubstituted Tb and Dy analogues. Magnetic hysteresis testing at 0.04 K exhibited hysteresis in both of these complexes. Magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) tests on (F_{64}Pc)_2Tb frozen in acetone at 1.8-1.9 K exhibited a "butterfly shaped" hysteresis which appeared to depend on the oxidation state of the complex and which also provided evidence of quantum tunneling of magnetization. The chemical tuning of the Pc macrocycle of these complexes through the replacement of the H atoms with the electron withdrawing fluorine atom and i-C_3F_7 group has created additional functionalities. Thermal analysis in the forms of thermogravi metric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry showed the complexes to be stable up to 450 C in air and N_2. Cyclic voltammetry revealed four reduced and one oxidized states, the oxidized state occurring at > 1.2 V, showing the complexes' resistance to oxidation. The (F_{64}Pc)_2MH compounds derive their uniqueness as [(F_{64}Pc)_2M]- sandwich phthalocyanine complexes with exceptional thermal and oxidative stability.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Graham, Wycliffe A."],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Doctor of Philosophy in Materials Science and Engineering - (Ph.D.)","degree_level":null,"degree_discipline":"Committee for the Interdisciplinary Program in Materials Science and Engineering","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Joseph W. Bozzelli","Trevor Tyson","N. M. Ravindra"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2012,"date_issued":"2012-05-31T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2012-05-31T07:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T03:22:14Z","subjects":["Phthalocyanine","Organometallic","Single molecular magnet","Lanthanide","Sandwich compound","Perfluorinated compound","Materials Science and Engineering"],"languages":[],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://digitalcommons.njit.edu/dissertations/319","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Joseph W. Bozzelli","Trevor Tyson","N. M. Ravindra"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Graham, Wycliffe A."]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Dissertation"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Committee for the Interdisciplinary Program in Materials Science and Engineering"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Doctor of Philosophy in Materials Science and Engineering - (Ph.D.)"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Phthalocyanine","Organometallic","Single molecular magnet","Lanthanide","Sandwich compound","Perfluorinated compound","Materials Science and Engineering"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://digitalcommons.njit.edu/dissertations/319"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["A new class of sandwich phthalocyanine (Pc) compounds without C-H bonds was synthesized and characterized. They are the bis[octakis(perfluoro i-C_3F_7) octakis(perfluoro)phthalocyaninato(2-)]M(III) complexes, formulated as (F_{64}Pc)_2MH, M = Tb, Dy, Lu, Y. Single molecular magnetic (SMM) behavior in the (F_{64}Pc)_2TbH and (F_{64}Pc)_2DyH complexes was confirmed through slowed relaxation response of their magnetization in an applied time varying magnetic field during alternating current (AC) magnetic testing in the range 2 - 50 K. The energy barrier to magnetic reversal, [Delta] = 215 cm^{-1} and the pre-exponential factor, [tau]_0^{-1} = 2.7 x 10^{7-1} were estimated for the undiluted (F_{64}Pc)_2TbH with direct current bias magnetic field (Hdc) of 1000 Oe applied. Undiluted (F_{64}Pc)_2DyH gave estimated values of [Delta] = 31 cm^{-1} and [tau]_0^{-1} = 1.6 x 10^5 s^{-1} at Hdc = 500 Oe. These respective values are within the range observed for the unsubstituted Tb and Dy analogues. Magnetic hysteresis testing at 0.04 K exhibited hysteresis in both of these complexes. Magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) tests on (F_{64}Pc)_2Tb frozen in acetone at 1.8-1.9 K exhibited a \"butterfly shaped\" hysteresis which appeared to depend on the oxidation state of the complex and which also provided evidence of quantum tunneling of magnetization. The chemical tuning of the Pc macrocycle of these complexes through the replacement of the H atoms with the electron withdrawing fluorine atom and i-C_3F_7 group has created additional functionalities. Thermal analysis in the forms of thermogravi metric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry showed the complexes to be stable up to 450 C in air and N_2. Cyclic voltammetry revealed four reduced and one oxidized states, the oxidized state occurring at > 1.2 V, showing the complexes' resistance to oxidation. The (F_{64}Pc)_2MH compounds derive their uniqueness as [(F_{64}Pc)_2M]- sandwich phthalocyanine complexes with exceptional thermal and oxidative stability."]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Synthesis, molecular and solid state structures, and magnetic properties of sandwich lanthanide phthalocyanines lacking C-H bonds"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Joseph W. Bozzelli","Trevor Tyson","N. M. Ravindra"],"dc:creator":["Graham, Wycliffe A."],"dc:description.abstract":["A new class of sandwich phthalocyanine (Pc) compounds without C-H bonds was synthesized and characterized. They are the bis[octakis(perfluoro i-C_3F_7) octakis(perfluoro)phthalocyaninato(2-)]M(III) complexes, formulated as (F_{64}Pc)_2MH, M = Tb, Dy, Lu, Y. Single molecular magnetic (SMM) behavior in the (F_{64}Pc)_2TbH and (F_{64}Pc)_2DyH complexes was confirmed through slowed relaxation response of their magnetization in an applied time varying magnetic field during alternating current (AC) magnetic testing in the range 2 - 50 K. The energy barrier to magnetic reversal, [Delta] = 215 cm^{-1} and the pre-exponential factor, [tau]_0^{-1} = 2.7 x 10^{7-1} were estimated for the undiluted (F_{64}Pc)_2TbH with direct current bias magnetic field (Hdc) of 1000 Oe applied. Undiluted (F_{64}Pc)_2DyH gave estimated values of [Delta] = 31 cm^{-1} and [tau]_0^{-1} = 1.6 x 10^5 s^{-1} at Hdc = 500 Oe. These respective values are within the range observed for the unsubstituted Tb and Dy analogues. Magnetic hysteresis testing at 0.04 K exhibited hysteresis in both of these complexes. Magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) tests on (F_{64}Pc)_2Tb frozen in acetone at 1.8-1.9 K exhibited a \"butterfly shaped\" hysteresis which appeared to depend on the oxidation state of the complex and which also provided evidence of quantum tunneling of magnetization. The chemical tuning of the Pc macrocycle of these complexes through the replacement of the H atoms with the electron withdrawing fluorine atom and i-C_3F_7 group has created additional functionalities. Thermal analysis in the forms of thermogravi metric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry showed the complexes to be stable up to 450 C in air and N_2. Cyclic voltammetry revealed four reduced and one oxidized states, the oxidized state occurring at > 1.2 V, showing the complexes' resistance to oxidation. The (F_{64}Pc)_2MH compounds derive their uniqueness as [(F_{64}Pc)_2M]- sandwich phthalocyanine complexes with exceptional thermal and oxidative stability."],"dc:identifier":["https://digitalcommons.njit.edu/dissertations/319"],"dc:subject":["Phthalocyanine","Organometallic","Single molecular magnet","Lanthanide","Sandwich compound","Perfluorinated compound","Materials Science and Engineering"],"dc:title":["Synthesis, molecular and solid state structures, and magnetic properties of sandwich lanthanide phthalocyanines lacking C-H bonds"],"dc:type":["Dissertation"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Committee for the Interdisciplinary Program in Materials Science and Engineering"],"thesis:degree_name":["Doctor of Philosophy in Materials Science and Engineering - (Ph.D.)"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T03:22:14Z"}