This dissertation examined the potential integration of exercise therapy and psychotherapy as a treatment approach for mood-related difficulties experienced by former elite athletes during the transition out of competitive sport. Retirement from athletics is often associated with significant biopsychosocial challenges, including disruptions in identity, healthy routines, social support, and emotional well-being. Existing literature suggests that exercise may serve as an effective adjunctive intervention for improving mood and overall psychological functioning, though limited research has explored its application among retiring athletes within psychotherapeutic contexts. This literature review synthesized current research related to athletic retirement, neurobiological mechanisms associated with physical activity, and clinical applications of integrated treatment approaches. Based on the reviewed literature, a five-phase conceptual treatment model was proposed to guide integration of exercise therapy and psychotherapy for former athletes navigating transition-related distress. The model emphasizes assessment within the transition context, psychotherapeutic integration, semi-structured physical activity reengagement, identity reconstruction and meaning development, and finally long-term adaptation and maintenance. A clinical case vignette was additionally incorporated to demonstrate the practical application of the model. Findings support the need for continued research and development of structured, evidence-informed interventions tailored to former athlete populations.
","abstract_html":"<p>This dissertation examined the potential integration of exercise therapy and psychotherapy as a treatment approach for mood-related difficulties experienced by former elite athletes during the transition out of competitive sport. Retirement from athletics is often associated with significant biopsychosocial challenges, including disruptions in identity, healthy routines, social support, and emotional well-being. Existing literature suggests that exercise may serve as an effective adjunctive intervention for improving mood and overall psychological functioning, though limited research has explored its application among retiring athletes within psychotherapeutic contexts. This literature review synthesized current research related to athletic retirement, neurobiological mechanisms associated with physical activity, and clinical applications of integrated treatment approaches. Based on the reviewed literature, a five-phase conceptual treatment model was proposed to guide integration of exercise therapy and psychotherapy for former athletes navigating transition-related distress. The model emphasizes assessment within the transition context, psychotherapeutic integration, semi-structured physical activity reengagement, identity reconstruction and meaning development, and finally long-term adaptation and maintenance. A clinical case vignette was additionally incorporated to demonstrate the practical application of the model. Findings support the need for continued research and development of structured, evidence-informed interventions tailored to former athlete populations.</p>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Antos, Christian"],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Psy.D. Doctor of Clinical Psychology","degree_level":"Dissertation - Public Access","degree_discipline":"Clinical Psychology","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Gary Howell, PsyD","Patricia Dixon, PsyD"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2026,"date_issued":"2026-06-01T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2026-06-01T07:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T03:21:46Z","subjects":["Exercise","Athlete","Sport","Therapy","Anxiety","Depression","Alternative and Complementary Medicine","Behavioral Neurobiology","Biological Psychology","Clinical Psychology","Health Psychology","Medicine and Health Sciences","Movement and Mind-Body Therapies","Psychology","Sports Sciences","Sports Studies"],"languages":[],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://digitalcommons.nl.edu/diss/991","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Gary Howell, PsyD","Patricia Dixon, PsyD"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Antos, Christian"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2026-05-28T07:00:00Z"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Clinical Psychology"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Dissertation - Public Access"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Psy.D. Doctor of Clinical Psychology"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Exercise","Athlete","Sport","Therapy","Anxiety","Depression","Alternative and Complementary Medicine","Behavioral Neurobiology","Biological Psychology","Clinical Psychology","Health Psychology","Medicine and Health Sciences","Movement and Mind-Body Therapies","Psychology","Sports Sciences","Sports Studies"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://digitalcommons.nl.edu/diss/991"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["This dissertation examined the potential integration of exercise therapy and psychotherapy as a treatment approach for mood-related difficulties experienced by former elite athletes during the transition out of competitive sport. Retirement from athletics is often associated with significant biopsychosocial challenges, including disruptions in identity, healthy routines, social support, and emotional well-being. Existing literature suggests that exercise may serve as an effective adjunctive intervention for improving mood and overall psychological functioning, though limited research has explored its application among retiring athletes within psychotherapeutic contexts. This literature review synthesized current research related to athletic retirement, neurobiological mechanisms associated with physical activity, and clinical applications of integrated treatment approaches. Based on the reviewed literature, a five-phase conceptual treatment model was proposed to guide integration of exercise therapy and psychotherapy for former athletes navigating transition-related distress. The model emphasizes assessment within the transition context, psychotherapeutic integration, semi-structured physical activity reengagement, identity reconstruction and meaning development, and finally long-term adaptation and maintenance. A clinical case vignette was additionally incorporated to demonstrate the practical application of the model. Findings support the need for continued research and development of structured, evidence-informed interventions tailored to former athlete populations.
"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Exercise Therapy for Mood Disorders in Retiring/Former Athletes"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Gary Howell, PsyD","Patricia Dixon, PsyD"],"dc:creator":["Antos, Christian"],"dc:date.available":["2026-05-28T07:00:00Z"],"dc:description.abstract":["This dissertation examined the potential integration of exercise therapy and psychotherapy as a treatment approach for mood-related difficulties experienced by former elite athletes during the transition out of competitive sport. Retirement from athletics is often associated with significant biopsychosocial challenges, including disruptions in identity, healthy routines, social support, and emotional well-being. Existing literature suggests that exercise may serve as an effective adjunctive intervention for improving mood and overall psychological functioning, though limited research has explored its application among retiring athletes within psychotherapeutic contexts. This literature review synthesized current research related to athletic retirement, neurobiological mechanisms associated with physical activity, and clinical applications of integrated treatment approaches. Based on the reviewed literature, a five-phase conceptual treatment model was proposed to guide integration of exercise therapy and psychotherapy for former athletes navigating transition-related distress. The model emphasizes assessment within the transition context, psychotherapeutic integration, semi-structured physical activity reengagement, identity reconstruction and meaning development, and finally long-term adaptation and maintenance. A clinical case vignette was additionally incorporated to demonstrate the practical application of the model. Findings support the need for continued research and development of structured, evidence-informed interventions tailored to former athlete populations.
"],"dc:identifier":["https://digitalcommons.nl.edu/diss/991"],"dc:subject":["Exercise","Athlete","Sport","Therapy","Anxiety","Depression","Alternative and Complementary Medicine","Behavioral Neurobiology","Biological Psychology","Clinical Psychology","Health Psychology","Medicine and Health Sciences","Movement and Mind-Body Therapies","Psychology","Sports Sciences","Sports Studies"],"dc:title":["Exercise Therapy for Mood Disorders in Retiring/Former Athletes"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Clinical Psychology"],"thesis:degree_level":["Dissertation - Public Access"],"thesis:degree_name":["Psy.D. Doctor of Clinical Psychology"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T03:21:46Z"}