Human sex trafficking and prostitution is a global phenomenon that has been occurring for centuries. Millions of people are subjected to the cruelties that occur within sex trafficking and prostitution. The distinction between sex trafficking and prostitution is minute. Large economic profits serve as an incentive to sustain the sex work industry, despite the harm it causes to the people that are employed as sex workers. Numerous mental health problems can arise for individuals subjected to sex trafficking and prostitution including posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, dissociation, terror, anxiety, guilt, anger, and substance abuse (Dalla, 2002; Farley, Baral, Kiremire, & Sezgin, 1998; Farley et al., 2003; Raymond, Hughes, & Gomez, 2001; Ross, Anderson, Heber, & Norton, 1990; Vanwesenbeeck, 1994). Survivors of sex trafficking and prostitution have limited to non-existent treatments to assist them. The present paper explores the nature of sex trafficking and prostitution, reviews the literature of the risk factors related to sex trafficking and prostitution, and the mental health consequences resulting from trafficking and prostitution. This paper postulates the potential utility of mindfulness-based treatments to aid individuals who have been subjected to sex trafficking and prostitution. A review of the literature on mindfulness is discussed and its applicability to survivors of sex trafficking and prostitution.
","abstract_html":"<p>Human sex trafficking and prostitution is a global phenomenon that has been occurring for centuries. Millions of people are subjected to the cruelties that occur within sex trafficking and prostitution. The distinction between sex trafficking and prostitution is minute. Large economic profits serve as an incentive to sustain the sex work industry, despite the harm it causes to the people that are employed as sex workers. Numerous mental health problems can arise for individuals subjected to sex trafficking and prostitution including posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, dissociation, terror, anxiety, guilt, anger, and substance abuse (Dalla, 2002; Farley, Baral, Kiremire, & Sezgin, 1998; Farley et al., 2003; Raymond, Hughes, & Gomez, 2001; Ross, Anderson, Heber, & Norton, 1990; Vanwesenbeeck, 1994). Survivors of sex trafficking and prostitution have limited to non-existent treatments to assist them. The present paper explores the nature of sex trafficking and prostitution, reviews the literature of the risk factors related to sex trafficking and prostitution, and the mental health consequences resulting from trafficking and prostitution. This paper postulates the potential utility of mindfulness-based treatments to aid individuals who have been subjected to sex trafficking and prostitution. A review of the literature on mindfulness is discussed and its applicability to survivors of sex trafficking and prostitution.</p>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["McCaw, Amanda"],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Psy.D. Doctor of Clinical Psychology","degree_level":"Dissertation - Public Access","degree_discipline":"Clinical Psychology","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Kathie Bates, Ph.D.","Christina D. Brown, Psy.D."],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2019,"date_issued":"2019-08-01T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2019-08-01T07:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T03:21:28Z","subjects":["sex trafficking","prostitution","mindfulness","trauma treatment","Clinical Psychology"],"languages":[],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://digitalcommons.nl.edu/diss/370","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Kathie Bates, Ph.D.","Christina D. Brown, Psy.D."]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["McCaw, Amanda"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2019-05-25T07:00:00Z"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Clinical Psychology"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Dissertation - Public Access"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Psy.D. Doctor of Clinical Psychology"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["sex trafficking","prostitution","mindfulness","trauma treatment","Clinical Psychology"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://digitalcommons.nl.edu/diss/370"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Human sex trafficking and prostitution is a global phenomenon that has been occurring for centuries. Millions of people are subjected to the cruelties that occur within sex trafficking and prostitution. The distinction between sex trafficking and prostitution is minute. Large economic profits serve as an incentive to sustain the sex work industry, despite the harm it causes to the people that are employed as sex workers. Numerous mental health problems can arise for individuals subjected to sex trafficking and prostitution including posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, dissociation, terror, anxiety, guilt, anger, and substance abuse (Dalla, 2002; Farley, Baral, Kiremire, & Sezgin, 1998; Farley et al., 2003; Raymond, Hughes, & Gomez, 2001; Ross, Anderson, Heber, & Norton, 1990; Vanwesenbeeck, 1994). Survivors of sex trafficking and prostitution have limited to non-existent treatments to assist them. The present paper explores the nature of sex trafficking and prostitution, reviews the literature of the risk factors related to sex trafficking and prostitution, and the mental health consequences resulting from trafficking and prostitution. This paper postulates the potential utility of mindfulness-based treatments to aid individuals who have been subjected to sex trafficking and prostitution. A review of the literature on mindfulness is discussed and its applicability to survivors of sex trafficking and prostitution.
"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Use of Mindfulness to Treat Mental Health Symptoms of Individuals Subjected to Human Sex Trafficking and Prostitution"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Kathie Bates, Ph.D.","Christina D. Brown, Psy.D."],"dc:creator":["McCaw, Amanda"],"dc:date.available":["2019-05-25T07:00:00Z"],"dc:description.abstract":["Human sex trafficking and prostitution is a global phenomenon that has been occurring for centuries. Millions of people are subjected to the cruelties that occur within sex trafficking and prostitution. The distinction between sex trafficking and prostitution is minute. Large economic profits serve as an incentive to sustain the sex work industry, despite the harm it causes to the people that are employed as sex workers. Numerous mental health problems can arise for individuals subjected to sex trafficking and prostitution including posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, dissociation, terror, anxiety, guilt, anger, and substance abuse (Dalla, 2002; Farley, Baral, Kiremire, & Sezgin, 1998; Farley et al., 2003; Raymond, Hughes, & Gomez, 2001; Ross, Anderson, Heber, & Norton, 1990; Vanwesenbeeck, 1994). Survivors of sex trafficking and prostitution have limited to non-existent treatments to assist them. The present paper explores the nature of sex trafficking and prostitution, reviews the literature of the risk factors related to sex trafficking and prostitution, and the mental health consequences resulting from trafficking and prostitution. This paper postulates the potential utility of mindfulness-based treatments to aid individuals who have been subjected to sex trafficking and prostitution. A review of the literature on mindfulness is discussed and its applicability to survivors of sex trafficking and prostitution.
"],"dc:identifier":["https://digitalcommons.nl.edu/diss/370"],"dc:subject":["sex trafficking","prostitution","mindfulness","trauma treatment","Clinical Psychology"],"dc:title":["Use of Mindfulness to Treat Mental Health Symptoms of Individuals Subjected to Human Sex Trafficking and Prostitution"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Clinical Psychology"],"thesis:degree_level":["Dissertation - Public Access"],"thesis:degree_name":["Psy.D. Doctor of Clinical Psychology"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T03:21:28Z"}