\"Acid stimulation and conformance control are two major methods to improve oil production. This study systematically evaluates two newly developed gels: Degradable Preformed Particle Gel (DPPG) and Re-crosslinkable Preformed Polymer Gel (RPPG). DPPG is designed to be a temporary plugging agent for acid stimulation and can self-degrade into a water-like fluid. RPPG is designed for reservoir sweep efficiency improvement and can re-crosslink to each other and form an immobile bulk gel after being placed in fractures or fracture-like conduits.
For DPPG, this study evaluates the effect of monomer, crosslinker, and initiator concentration on the swelling and degradation performance. Results show that DPPG can swell up to 70 times its original size by absorbing water and can self-degrade in 10% HCl at 80 °C. Core flooding reveals that DPPG can serve as an excellent diverter for acid stimulation while it has very little damage to matrix after degradation.
For RPPG, this study evaluates the fiber types and concentrations, swelling ratio, and fracture width effect on the injection pressure, water breakthrough pressure, and residual resistance factor (Frr). Results show that fiber can increase RPPG strength with an optimized fiber concentration. With increasing swelling ratio, the stable gel injection pressure decreases and water breakthrough pressure and Frr increases. Dehydration study reveals that the water content change significantly affects the RPPG properties. The dehydration behavior is related to the dehydration time which is related to the gel injection rate. Results show that at lower gel injection rate, the dehydration increases along the fracture, but decreases at higher gel injection rate\"--Abstract, p. iv
","abstract_html":"<p>"Acid stimulation and conformance control are two major methods to improve oil production. This study systematically evaluates two newly developed gels: Degradable Preformed Particle Gel (DPPG) and Re-crosslinkable Preformed Polymer Gel (RPPG). DPPG is designed to be a temporary plugging agent for acid stimulation and can self-degrade into a water-like fluid. RPPG is designed for reservoir sweep efficiency improvement and can re-crosslink to each other and form an immobile bulk gel after being placed in fractures or fracture-like conduits.</p> <p>For DPPG, this study evaluates the effect of monomer, crosslinker, and initiator concentration on the swelling and degradation performance. Results show that DPPG can swell up to 70 times its original size by absorbing water and can self-degrade in 10% HCl at 80 °C. Core flooding reveals that DPPG can serve as an excellent diverter for acid stimulation while it has very little damage to matrix after degradation.</p> <p>For RPPG, this study evaluates the fiber types and concentrations, swelling ratio, and fracture width effect on the injection pressure, water breakthrough pressure, and residual resistance factor (Frr). Results show that fiber can increase RPPG strength with an optimized fiber concentration. With increasing swelling ratio, the stable gel injection pressure decreases and water breakthrough pressure and Frr increases. Dehydration study reveals that the water content change significantly affects the RPPG properties. The dehydration behavior is related to the dehydration time which is related to the gel injection rate. Results show that at lower gel injection rate, the dehydration increases along the fracture, but decreases at higher gel injection rate"--Abstract, p. iv</p>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Zhao, Shuda"],"institution":"Missouri University of Science and Technology","degree_name":"Ph. D. in Petroleum Engineering","degree_level":null,"degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":null,"date_issued":"","date_published":null,"updated_at":"2026-07-24T03:18:18Z","subjects":["acid diversion","conformance control","degradable","gel treatment","particle gel","re-crosslinkable","Chemical Engineering","Engineering","Petroleum Engineering"],"languages":[],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://scholarsmine.mst.edu/doctoral_dissertations/3238","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Zhao, Shuda"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Dissertation - Open Access"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Ph. D. in Petroleum Engineering"]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["Missouri University of Science and Technology"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["acid diversion","conformance control","degradable","gel treatment","particle gel","re-crosslinkable","Chemical Engineering","Engineering","Petroleum Engineering"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://scholarsmine.mst.edu/doctoral_dissertations/3238"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["\"Acid stimulation and conformance control are two major methods to improve oil production. This study systematically evaluates two newly developed gels: Degradable Preformed Particle Gel (DPPG) and Re-crosslinkable Preformed Polymer Gel (RPPG). DPPG is designed to be a temporary plugging agent for acid stimulation and can self-degrade into a water-like fluid. RPPG is designed for reservoir sweep efficiency improvement and can re-crosslink to each other and form an immobile bulk gel after being placed in fractures or fracture-like conduits.
For DPPG, this study evaluates the effect of monomer, crosslinker, and initiator concentration on the swelling and degradation performance. Results show that DPPG can swell up to 70 times its original size by absorbing water and can self-degrade in 10% HCl at 80 °C. Core flooding reveals that DPPG can serve as an excellent diverter for acid stimulation while it has very little damage to matrix after degradation.
For RPPG, this study evaluates the fiber types and concentrations, swelling ratio, and fracture width effect on the injection pressure, water breakthrough pressure, and residual resistance factor (Frr). Results show that fiber can increase RPPG strength with an optimized fiber concentration. With increasing swelling ratio, the stable gel injection pressure decreases and water breakthrough pressure and Frr increases. Dehydration study reveals that the water content change significantly affects the RPPG properties. The dehydration behavior is related to the dehydration time which is related to the gel injection rate. Results show that at lower gel injection rate, the dehydration increases along the fracture, but decreases at higher gel injection rate\"--Abstract, p. iv
"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["EVALUATION OF NOVEL PREFORMED PARTICLE GELS FOR CONFORMANCE CONTROL AND ACID STIMULATION THROUGH CORE FLOODING TESTS"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:creator":["Zhao, Shuda"],"dc:description.abstract":["\"Acid stimulation and conformance control are two major methods to improve oil production. This study systematically evaluates two newly developed gels: Degradable Preformed Particle Gel (DPPG) and Re-crosslinkable Preformed Polymer Gel (RPPG). DPPG is designed to be a temporary plugging agent for acid stimulation and can self-degrade into a water-like fluid. RPPG is designed for reservoir sweep efficiency improvement and can re-crosslink to each other and form an immobile bulk gel after being placed in fractures or fracture-like conduits.
For DPPG, this study evaluates the effect of monomer, crosslinker, and initiator concentration on the swelling and degradation performance. Results show that DPPG can swell up to 70 times its original size by absorbing water and can self-degrade in 10% HCl at 80 °C. Core flooding reveals that DPPG can serve as an excellent diverter for acid stimulation while it has very little damage to matrix after degradation.
For RPPG, this study evaluates the fiber types and concentrations, swelling ratio, and fracture width effect on the injection pressure, water breakthrough pressure, and residual resistance factor (Frr). Results show that fiber can increase RPPG strength with an optimized fiber concentration. With increasing swelling ratio, the stable gel injection pressure decreases and water breakthrough pressure and Frr increases. Dehydration study reveals that the water content change significantly affects the RPPG properties. The dehydration behavior is related to the dehydration time which is related to the gel injection rate. Results show that at lower gel injection rate, the dehydration increases along the fracture, but decreases at higher gel injection rate\"--Abstract, p. iv
"],"dc:identifier":["https://scholarsmine.mst.edu/doctoral_dissertations/3238"],"dc:subject":["acid diversion","conformance control","degradable","gel treatment","particle gel","re-crosslinkable","Chemical Engineering","Engineering","Petroleum Engineering"],"dc:title":["EVALUATION OF NOVEL PREFORMED PARTICLE GELS FOR CONFORMANCE CONTROL AND ACID STIMULATION THROUGH CORE FLOODING TESTS"],"dc:type":["Dissertation - Open Access"],"thesis:degree_name":["Ph. D. in Petroleum Engineering"],"thesis:institution_name":["Missouri University of Science and Technology"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T03:18:18Z"}