“This study has investigated the feasibility of using locally available fly ashes (FAs) to synthesize alkali-activated concrete (AAC) for different structural and repair applications. Using AAC made of 100% FA reduces global CO2 emissions, saves energy, and decreases raw material consumption during the production process of ordinary Portland cement. Class C FAs, sourced from Labadie, Jeffery City, Kansas City, Thomas Hill, and Sikeston power plants in the state of Missouri, were used to synthesize the AAC. Sodium silicate (SS), Na2SiO3, and sodium hydroxide (SH), NaOH were used as the alkali activators. Slag, crumb rubber, and air-entraining admixture were used as additives to improve the durability of the AAC. Mixing procedure, water/FA, Alk/FA, SS/SH, curing regime, fresh properties, mechanical properties, durability, and repair applicability of the AAC were studied. A conventional concrete (CC) mixture was prepared for comparison purposes. Three curing regimes (oven, ambient, and moist) were applied to the AAC.
This study revealed that AAC can be used as a replacement for CC. AAC showed good workability and adequate compressive strength for structural applications ranging from 3,660 psi to 7,465 psi based on the curing regime and source of FA. Some AAC mixtures successfully passed 300 cycles of freeze and thaw per ASTM C666-15 procedures A and B. AAC also presents higher corrosion resistance compared to CC. AAC mixtures have a low to moderate permeability and chloride ion penetrability, while the CC mixture showed a high permeability and chloride ion penetrability. Finally, AAC can be used as a repair material for existing concrete structures. The bond between AAC as a repair material and CC as a host material was adequate and comparable to the bond between CC and CC”--Abstract, page iv.
","abstract_html":"<p>“This study has investigated the feasibility of using locally available fly ashes (FAs) to synthesize alkali-activated concrete (AAC) for different structural and repair applications. Using AAC made of 100% FA reduces global CO2 emissions, saves energy, and decreases raw material consumption during the production process of ordinary Portland cement. Class C FAs, sourced from Labadie, Jeffery City, Kansas City, Thomas Hill, and Sikeston power plants in the state of Missouri, were used to synthesize the AAC. Sodium silicate (SS), Na2SiO3, and sodium hydroxide (SH), NaOH were used as the alkali activators. Slag, crumb rubber, and air-entraining admixture were used as additives to improve the durability of the AAC. Mixing procedure, water/FA, Alk/FA, SS/SH, curing regime, fresh properties, mechanical properties, durability, and repair applicability of the AAC were studied. A conventional concrete (CC) mixture was prepared for comparison purposes. Three curing regimes (oven, ambient, and moist) were applied to the AAC. </p><p>This study revealed that AAC can be used as a replacement for CC. AAC showed good workability and adequate compressive strength for structural applications ranging from 3,660 psi to 7,465 psi based on the curing regime and source of FA. Some AAC mixtures successfully passed 300 cycles of freeze and thaw per ASTM C666-15 procedures A and B. AAC also presents higher corrosion resistance compared to CC. AAC mixtures have a low to moderate permeability and chloride ion penetrability, while the CC mixture showed a high permeability and chloride ion penetrability. Finally, AAC can be used as a repair material for existing concrete structures. The bond between AAC as a repair material and CC as a host material was adequate and comparable to the bond between CC and CC”--Abstract, page iv.</p>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Gomaa, Eslam"],"institution":"Missouri University of Science and Technology","degree_name":"Ph. D. in Civil Engineering","degree_level":null,"degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":null,"date_issued":"","date_published":null,"updated_at":"2026-07-24T03:18:09Z","subjects":["Alkali-activated Concrete","Class C","Compressive Strength","Fly Ash","Repair","SEM","Civil Engineering"],"languages":[],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://scholarsmine.mst.edu/doctoral_dissertations/3149","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Gomaa, Eslam"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Dissertation - Open Access"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Ph. D. in Civil Engineering"]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["Missouri University of Science and Technology"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Alkali-activated Concrete","Class C","Compressive Strength","Fly Ash","Repair","SEM","Civil Engineering"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://scholarsmine.mst.edu/doctoral_dissertations/3149"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["“This study has investigated the feasibility of using locally available fly ashes (FAs) to synthesize alkali-activated concrete (AAC) for different structural and repair applications. Using AAC made of 100% FA reduces global CO2 emissions, saves energy, and decreases raw material consumption during the production process of ordinary Portland cement. Class C FAs, sourced from Labadie, Jeffery City, Kansas City, Thomas Hill, and Sikeston power plants in the state of Missouri, were used to synthesize the AAC. Sodium silicate (SS), Na2SiO3, and sodium hydroxide (SH), NaOH were used as the alkali activators. Slag, crumb rubber, and air-entraining admixture were used as additives to improve the durability of the AAC. Mixing procedure, water/FA, Alk/FA, SS/SH, curing regime, fresh properties, mechanical properties, durability, and repair applicability of the AAC were studied. A conventional concrete (CC) mixture was prepared for comparison purposes. Three curing regimes (oven, ambient, and moist) were applied to the AAC.
This study revealed that AAC can be used as a replacement for CC. AAC showed good workability and adequate compressive strength for structural applications ranging from 3,660 psi to 7,465 psi based on the curing regime and source of FA. Some AAC mixtures successfully passed 300 cycles of freeze and thaw per ASTM C666-15 procedures A and B. AAC also presents higher corrosion resistance compared to CC. AAC mixtures have a low to moderate permeability and chloride ion penetrability, while the CC mixture showed a high permeability and chloride ion penetrability. Finally, AAC can be used as a repair material for existing concrete structures. The bond between AAC as a repair material and CC as a host material was adequate and comparable to the bond between CC and CC”--Abstract, page iv.
"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Characterization and utilization of alkali-activated concrete for sustainable infrastructures"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:creator":["Gomaa, Eslam"],"dc:description.abstract":["“This study has investigated the feasibility of using locally available fly ashes (FAs) to synthesize alkali-activated concrete (AAC) for different structural and repair applications. Using AAC made of 100% FA reduces global CO2 emissions, saves energy, and decreases raw material consumption during the production process of ordinary Portland cement. Class C FAs, sourced from Labadie, Jeffery City, Kansas City, Thomas Hill, and Sikeston power plants in the state of Missouri, were used to synthesize the AAC. Sodium silicate (SS), Na2SiO3, and sodium hydroxide (SH), NaOH were used as the alkali activators. Slag, crumb rubber, and air-entraining admixture were used as additives to improve the durability of the AAC. Mixing procedure, water/FA, Alk/FA, SS/SH, curing regime, fresh properties, mechanical properties, durability, and repair applicability of the AAC were studied. A conventional concrete (CC) mixture was prepared for comparison purposes. Three curing regimes (oven, ambient, and moist) were applied to the AAC.
This study revealed that AAC can be used as a replacement for CC. AAC showed good workability and adequate compressive strength for structural applications ranging from 3,660 psi to 7,465 psi based on the curing regime and source of FA. Some AAC mixtures successfully passed 300 cycles of freeze and thaw per ASTM C666-15 procedures A and B. AAC also presents higher corrosion resistance compared to CC. AAC mixtures have a low to moderate permeability and chloride ion penetrability, while the CC mixture showed a high permeability and chloride ion penetrability. Finally, AAC can be used as a repair material for existing concrete structures. The bond between AAC as a repair material and CC as a host material was adequate and comparable to the bond between CC and CC”--Abstract, page iv.
"],"dc:identifier":["https://scholarsmine.mst.edu/doctoral_dissertations/3149"],"dc:subject":["Alkali-activated Concrete","Class C","Compressive Strength","Fly Ash","Repair","SEM","Civil Engineering"],"dc:title":["Characterization and utilization of alkali-activated concrete for sustainable infrastructures"],"dc:type":["Dissertation - Open Access"],"thesis:degree_name":["Ph. D. in Civil Engineering"],"thesis:institution_name":["Missouri University of Science and Technology"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T03:18:09Z"}