“Recent years, harmful algal blooms occurrence has increased quickly in the surface water worldwide, which has become a concern for drinking water plants due to the ability of toxic algae (cyanobacteria) to produce cyanotoxins including microcystins (MCs), mainly MC-LR, cylindrospermopsin (CYN), and taste and odor (T&O) compounds. Various types of chemicals are widely used in drinking water treatment plants as oxidants for treating source water challenged with harmful algal blooms. In this study, the release and degradation of intracellular MC-LR due to oxidation of Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa), most common specie of cyanobacteria, was examined kinetically. Effect of water matrix and cell concentrations on the release and degradation of CYN as a result of chlorination of Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii (C. raciborskii) was examined in two lake water serving as drinking water resources. Furthermore, removal efficiencies of free chlorine, chlorine dioxide, permanganate, and peracetic acid (PAA) were compared for controlling M. aeruginosa, C. raciborskii, and related cyanotoxins, i.e., MC-LR and CYN. At the same time, the disinfection byproduct (DBPs) formation during oxidations of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins were investigated. Furthermore, several T&O events occurred in Missouri drinking water systems were studied and the major cause of the T&O was 2,4,6-trichloroanisole (2,4,6-TCA), a compound with extremely low taste threshold (i.e., 0.3 ng/L). Thus, the resource/precursor(s) of 2,4,6-TCA and its formation and removal in drinking water treatment systems were investigated. These results provided essential information for utilities to select suitable chemicals and dosages to control harmful algal bloom, DBPs formation and T&O issues”--Abstract, page iv.
","abstract_html":"<p>“Recent years, harmful algal blooms occurrence has increased quickly in the surface water worldwide, which has become a concern for drinking water plants due to the ability of toxic algae (cyanobacteria) to produce cyanotoxins including microcystins (MCs), mainly MC-LR, cylindrospermopsin (CYN), and taste and odor (T&O) compounds. Various types of chemicals are widely used in drinking water treatment plants as oxidants for treating source water challenged with harmful algal blooms. In this study, the release and degradation of intracellular MC-LR due to oxidation of <em>Microcystis aeruginosa</em> (<em>M. aeruginosa</em>), most common specie of cyanobacteria, was examined kinetically. Effect of water matrix and cell concentrations on the release and degradation of CYN as a result of chlorination of <em>Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii</em> (<em>C. raciborskii</em>) was examined in two lake water serving as drinking water resources. Furthermore, removal efficiencies of free chlorine, chlorine dioxide, permanganate, and peracetic acid (PAA) were compared for controlling <em>M. aeruginosa</em>, <em>C. raciborskii</em>, and related cyanotoxins, i.e., MC-LR and CYN. At the same time, the disinfection byproduct (DBPs) formation during oxidations of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins were investigated. Furthermore, several T&O events occurred in Missouri drinking water systems were studied and the major cause of the T&O was 2,4,6-trichloroanisole (2,4,6-TCA), a compound with extremely low taste threshold (i.e., 0.3 ng/L). Thus, the resource/precursor(s) of 2,4,6-TCA and its formation and removal in drinking water treatment systems were investigated. These results provided essential information for utilities to select suitable chemicals and dosages to control harmful algal bloom, DBPs formation and T&O issues”--Abstract, page iv.</p>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Zhang, Haiting"],"institution":"Missouri University of Science and Technology","degree_name":"Ph. D. in Chemistry","degree_level":null,"degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":null,"date_issued":"","date_published":null,"updated_at":"2026-07-24T03:18:09Z","subjects":["Chemistry"],"languages":[],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://scholarsmine.mst.edu/doctoral_dissertations/3119","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Zhang, Haiting"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Dissertation - Open Access"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Ph. D. in Chemistry"]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["Missouri University of Science and Technology"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Chemistry"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://scholarsmine.mst.edu/doctoral_dissertations/3119"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["“Recent years, harmful algal blooms occurrence has increased quickly in the surface water worldwide, which has become a concern for drinking water plants due to the ability of toxic algae (cyanobacteria) to produce cyanotoxins including microcystins (MCs), mainly MC-LR, cylindrospermopsin (CYN), and taste and odor (T&O) compounds. Various types of chemicals are widely used in drinking water treatment plants as oxidants for treating source water challenged with harmful algal blooms. In this study, the release and degradation of intracellular MC-LR due to oxidation of Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa), most common specie of cyanobacteria, was examined kinetically. Effect of water matrix and cell concentrations on the release and degradation of CYN as a result of chlorination of Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii (C. raciborskii) was examined in two lake water serving as drinking water resources. Furthermore, removal efficiencies of free chlorine, chlorine dioxide, permanganate, and peracetic acid (PAA) were compared for controlling M. aeruginosa, C. raciborskii, and related cyanotoxins, i.e., MC-LR and CYN. At the same time, the disinfection byproduct (DBPs) formation during oxidations of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins were investigated. Furthermore, several T&O events occurred in Missouri drinking water systems were studied and the major cause of the T&O was 2,4,6-trichloroanisole (2,4,6-TCA), a compound with extremely low taste threshold (i.e., 0.3 ng/L). Thus, the resource/precursor(s) of 2,4,6-TCA and its formation and removal in drinking water treatment systems were investigated. These results provided essential information for utilities to select suitable chemicals and dosages to control harmful algal bloom, DBPs formation and T&O issues”--Abstract, page iv.
"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Harmful algae, algal toxin, taste and odor control and mitigation in public water system"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:creator":["Zhang, Haiting"],"dc:description.abstract":["“Recent years, harmful algal blooms occurrence has increased quickly in the surface water worldwide, which has become a concern for drinking water plants due to the ability of toxic algae (cyanobacteria) to produce cyanotoxins including microcystins (MCs), mainly MC-LR, cylindrospermopsin (CYN), and taste and odor (T&O) compounds. Various types of chemicals are widely used in drinking water treatment plants as oxidants for treating source water challenged with harmful algal blooms. In this study, the release and degradation of intracellular MC-LR due to oxidation of Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa), most common specie of cyanobacteria, was examined kinetically. Effect of water matrix and cell concentrations on the release and degradation of CYN as a result of chlorination of Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii (C. raciborskii) was examined in two lake water serving as drinking water resources. Furthermore, removal efficiencies of free chlorine, chlorine dioxide, permanganate, and peracetic acid (PAA) were compared for controlling M. aeruginosa, C. raciborskii, and related cyanotoxins, i.e., MC-LR and CYN. At the same time, the disinfection byproduct (DBPs) formation during oxidations of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins were investigated. Furthermore, several T&O events occurred in Missouri drinking water systems were studied and the major cause of the T&O was 2,4,6-trichloroanisole (2,4,6-TCA), a compound with extremely low taste threshold (i.e., 0.3 ng/L). Thus, the resource/precursor(s) of 2,4,6-TCA and its formation and removal in drinking water treatment systems were investigated. These results provided essential information for utilities to select suitable chemicals and dosages to control harmful algal bloom, DBPs formation and T&O issues”--Abstract, page iv.
"],"dc:identifier":["https://scholarsmine.mst.edu/doctoral_dissertations/3119"],"dc:subject":["Chemistry"],"dc:title":["Harmful algae, algal toxin, taste and odor control and mitigation in public water system"],"dc:type":["Dissertation - Open Access"],"thesis:degree_name":["Ph. D. in Chemistry"],"thesis:institution_name":["Missouri University of Science and Technology"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T03:18:09Z"}