{"id":{"repo_id":"msu","oai_identifier":"oai:d.lib.msu.edu:etd_1011"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/msu/oai:d.lib.msu.edu:etd_1011","repository":{"repo_id":"msu","name":"Michigan State University","base_url":"https://d.lib.msu.edu/oai"},"display":{"title":"Five Malcolms, one archive : Columbia University's Malcolm X Project and a history of narrative co-optation","abstract":"February 21, 2011 marked the 46th anniversary of the assassination of Malcolm X. Despite an almost incomprehensible amount of cross-disciplinary scholarship designed to analyze the monumental impact of the slain leader, recent work by Dr. Manning Marable suggests that it is actually only now, in the twenty-first century, that we can begin to conduct an honest assessment. The cause: a combination of critical and discursive narrative interventions on behalf of stakeholders vying for control over Malcolm X's legacy. In this thesis, I theorize deeply entrenched narrative constructions of Malcolm X through Dr. Marable's Malcolm X Project (a digital archive housed at Columbia University). As I argue throughout, the rhetorical power of co-opting narrative accounts of the life and legacy of Malcolm X holds the power to directly impact the public's perception of American race relations. This thesis is a thought experiment geared toward two primary goals: 1) marking the multiple \"Malcolms\" in discursive practices manifested in material objects such as The Autobiography of Malcolm X, and 2) theorizing the relationships between them. What I want people to see in this exploration is what it was that changed me, and how interacting with multiple narrative constructions of Malcolm X produces radically different realities; multiplicitous stories of contemporary America that all seem to exist at the same time, antagonistically woven together. As such, this thesis is a collection of essays ruminating on the power of collective memory and its roles in making the present -- as well as the future.","abstract_html":"February 21, 2011 marked the 46th anniversary of the assassination of Malcolm X. Despite an almost incomprehensible amount of cross-disciplinary scholarship designed to analyze the monumental impact of the slain leader, recent work by Dr. Manning Marable suggests that it is actually only now, in the twenty-first century, that we can begin to conduct an honest assessment. The cause: a combination of critical and discursive narrative interventions on behalf of stakeholders vying for control over Malcolm X's legacy. In this thesis, I theorize deeply entrenched narrative constructions of Malcolm X through Dr. Marable's Malcolm X Project (a digital archive housed at Columbia University). As I argue throughout, the rhetorical power of co-opting narrative accounts of the life and legacy of Malcolm X holds the power to directly impact the public's perception of American race relations. This thesis is a thought experiment geared toward two primary goals: 1) marking the multiple "Malcolms" in discursive practices manifested in material objects such as The Autobiography of Malcolm X, and 2) theorizing the relationships between them. What I want people to see in this exploration is what it was that changed me, and how interacting with multiple narrative constructions of Malcolm X produces radically different realities; multiplicitous stories of contemporary America that all seem to exist at the same time, antagonistically woven together. As such, this thesis is a collection of essays ruminating on the power of collective memory and its roles in making the present -- as well as the future.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Schraufnagle, Doug"],"institution":null,"degree_name":null,"degree_level":null,"degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Powell, Malea","Hart-Davidson, Bill","Lindquist, Julie"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2011,"date_issued":"2011","date_published":"2011","updated_at":"2026-07-24T03:16:44Z","subjects":["X, Malcolm, 1925-1965","Race relations","Muslim men","Islamic leadership","Human rights workers","Civil rights movements","African American leadership","African American clergy"],"languages":["English"],"rights":["In Copyright"],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["etd:1011","isbn:9781267091413","isbn:126709141X","oclc:931852659","umi:1503504","local:Schraufnagle_grad.msu_0128N_10822"],"render_values":[{"text":"etd:1011","href":null,"code":true},{"text":"isbn:9781267091413","href":null,"code":true},{"text":"isbn:126709141X","href":null,"code":true},{"text":"oclc:931852659","href":null,"code":true},{"text":"umi:1503504","href":null,"code":true},{"text":"local:Schraufnagle_grad.msu_0128N_10822","href":null,"code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://doi.org/doi:10.25335/y2nt-3b44","outbound_label":"DOI","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Powell, Malea","Hart-Davidson, Bill","Lindquist, Julie"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Schraufnagle, Doug"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:coverage","label":"Dc Coverage","values":["United States"]},{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2011"]},{"key":"dc:relation","label":"Dc Relation","values":["Electronic Theses & Dissertations"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Text","Theses"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["X, Malcolm, 1925-1965","Race relations","Muslim men","Islamic leadership","Human rights workers","Civil rights movements","African American leadership","African American clergy"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["English"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["In Copyright"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["etd:1011","isbn:9781267091413","isbn:126709141X","oclc:931852659","umi:1503504","local:Schraufnagle_grad.msu_0128N_10822","https://doi.org/doi:10.25335/y2nt-3b44"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["February 21, 2011 marked the 46th anniversary of the assassination of Malcolm X. Despite an almost incomprehensible amount of cross-disciplinary scholarship designed to analyze the monumental impact of the slain leader, recent work by Dr. Manning Marable suggests that it is actually only now, in the twenty-first century, that we can begin to conduct an honest assessment. The cause: a combination of critical and discursive narrative interventions on behalf of stakeholders vying for control over Malcolm X's legacy. In this thesis, I theorize deeply entrenched narrative constructions of Malcolm X through Dr. Marable's Malcolm X Project (a digital archive housed at Columbia University). As I argue throughout, the rhetorical power of co-opting narrative accounts of the life and legacy of Malcolm X holds the power to directly impact the public's perception of American race relations. This thesis is a thought experiment geared toward two primary goals: 1) marking the multiple \"Malcolms\" in discursive practices manifested in material objects such as The Autobiography of Malcolm X, and 2) theorizing the relationships between them. What I want people to see in this exploration is what it was that changed me, and how interacting with multiple narrative constructions of Malcolm X produces radically different realities; multiplicitous stories of contemporary America that all seem to exist at the same time, antagonistically woven together. As such, this thesis is a collection of essays ruminating on the power of collective memory and its roles in making the present -- as well as the future.","Thesis (M.A.)--Michigan State University. Rhetoric and Writing, 2011","Includes bibliographical references (page 45)"]},{"key":"dc:format","label":"Dc Format","values":["v, 45 pages","application/pdf"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Five Malcolms, one archive : Columbia University's Malcolm X Project and a history of narrative co-optation"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Powell, Malea","Hart-Davidson, Bill","Lindquist, Julie"],"dc:coverage":["United States"],"dc:creator":["Schraufnagle, Doug"],"dc:date":["2011"],"dc:description":["February 21, 2011 marked the 46th anniversary of the assassination of Malcolm X. Despite an almost incomprehensible amount of cross-disciplinary scholarship designed to analyze the monumental impact of the slain leader, recent work by Dr. Manning Marable suggests that it is actually only now, in the twenty-first century, that we can begin to conduct an honest assessment. The cause: a combination of critical and discursive narrative interventions on behalf of stakeholders vying for control over Malcolm X's legacy. In this thesis, I theorize deeply entrenched narrative constructions of Malcolm X through Dr. Marable's Malcolm X Project (a digital archive housed at Columbia University). As I argue throughout, the rhetorical power of co-opting narrative accounts of the life and legacy of Malcolm X holds the power to directly impact the public's perception of American race relations. This thesis is a thought experiment geared toward two primary goals: 1) marking the multiple \"Malcolms\" in discursive practices manifested in material objects such as The Autobiography of Malcolm X, and 2) theorizing the relationships between them. What I want people to see in this exploration is what it was that changed me, and how interacting with multiple narrative constructions of Malcolm X produces radically different realities; multiplicitous stories of contemporary America that all seem to exist at the same time, antagonistically woven together. As such, this thesis is a collection of essays ruminating on the power of collective memory and its roles in making the present -- as well as the future.","Thesis (M.A.)--Michigan State University. 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