{"id":{"repo_id":"montana","oai_identifier":"oai:scholarworks.umt.edu:etd-1873"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/montana/oai:scholarworks.umt.edu:etd-1873","repository":{"repo_id":"montana","name":"University of Montana","base_url":"https://scholarworks.umt.edu/do/oai/"},"display":{"title":"Safety in Numbers? The Effect of Increasing Numbers of Bicycle Commuters on Bicycle-Automobile Collisions","abstract":"The idea that increasing the numbers of bicycle and pedestrians in an area lowers the automobile collision risk for individual cyclists and pedestrians is called the safety in numbers effect. This paper applies the safety in numbers effect to bicycling and pedestrian commuters in California cities from 2005 to 2011. The results indicate that cities with 10% more bicycle commuters will only see about 6% more collisions between cyclists and automobiles and thus have a lower average risk to bicycle commuters. These results are similar to those found by Jacobson (2003) although this study uses a multiple regression analysis on an expanded data set.","abstract_html":"The idea that increasing the numbers of bicycle and pedestrians in an area lowers the automobile collision risk for individual cyclists and pedestrians is called the safety in numbers effect. This paper applies the safety in numbers effect to bicycling and pedestrian commuters in California cities from 2005 to 2011. The results indicate that cities with 10% more bicycle commuters will only see about 6% more collisions between cyclists and automobiles and thus have a lower average risk to bicycle commuters. These results are similar to those found by Jacobson (2003) although this study uses a multiple regression analysis on an expanded data set.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Anderson, Luke"],"institution":"University of Montana","degree_name":"Master of Arts (MA)","degree_level":null,"degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2013,"date_issued":"2013-01-01T08:00:00Z","date_published":"2013-01-01T08:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T03:11:44Z","subjects":["Bicycle Commuting","Bicycle Safety","Pedestrian Safety","Safety in Numbers"],"languages":[],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/854","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Anderson, Luke"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["University of Montana"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Arts (MA)"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Bicycle Commuting","Bicycle Safety","Pedestrian Safety","Safety in Numbers"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/854"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["The idea that increasing the numbers of bicycle and pedestrians in an area lowers the automobile collision risk for individual cyclists and pedestrians is called the safety in numbers effect. This paper applies the safety in numbers effect to bicycling and pedestrian commuters in California cities from 2005 to 2011. The results indicate that cities with 10% more bicycle commuters will only see about 6% more collisions between cyclists and automobiles and thus have a lower average risk to bicycle commuters. These results are similar to those found by Jacobson (2003) although this study uses a multiple regression analysis on an expanded data set."]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Safety in Numbers? The Effect of Increasing Numbers of Bicycle Commuters on Bicycle-Automobile Collisions"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:creator":["Anderson, Luke"],"dc:description.abstract":["The idea that increasing the numbers of bicycle and pedestrians in an area lowers the automobile collision risk for individual cyclists and pedestrians is called the safety in numbers effect. This paper applies the safety in numbers effect to bicycling and pedestrian commuters in California cities from 2005 to 2011. The results indicate that cities with 10% more bicycle commuters will only see about 6% more collisions between cyclists and automobiles and thus have a lower average risk to bicycle commuters. These results are similar to those found by Jacobson (2003) although this study uses a multiple regression analysis on an expanded data set."],"dc:identifier":["https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/854"],"dc:publisher":["University of Montana"],"dc:subject":["Bicycle Commuting","Bicycle Safety","Pedestrian Safety","Safety in Numbers"],"dc:title":["Safety in Numbers? The Effect of Increasing Numbers of Bicycle Commuters on Bicycle-Automobile Collisions"],"dc:type":["Thesis"],"thesis:degree_name":["Master of Arts (MA)"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T03:11:44Z"}