{"id":{"repo_id":"montana","oai_identifier":"oai:scholarworks.umt.edu:etd-1079"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/montana/oai:scholarworks.umt.edu:etd-1079","repository":{"repo_id":"montana","name":"University of Montana","base_url":"https://scholarworks.umt.edu/do/oai/"},"display":{"title":"Assessing Efficacy of Restoration Treatments in Juniper Savannas using Spatial Wavelets and Dot Grids on Aerial Photography","abstract":"Across much of their diverse natural range in the Western US, species of the genus juniperus are expanding onto open grass and shrublands and infilling open woodland areas. In Southern Arizona’s Clifton Ranger District, landscape-scale restoration treatments have been used to stall this expansion and reduce canopy-cover. This study utilizes and compares two techniques – dot- grid sampling and spatial wavelet analysis (SWA) – to estimate the efficacy of these treatments by measuring canopy-cover change pre-and post-treatment. Further, using the SWA dataset, the study explores the potential of SWA for landscape-scale ecological attribute estimation. This study found that restoration treatments significantly reduced canopy-cover with 18% and 42% mean reductions (p < 0.001), depending on treatment. The ability of SWA to estimate canopy- cover, and crown diameter was good in open canopy-cover (EF values up to 0.587 for canopy- cover estimation and 0.558 for crown diameter estimation), but diminished as canopy-cover increased, and systematically under-estimated as canopy-cover and crown diameter increased. Further, SWA showed that the potential for legacy tree and juniper expansion mapping was promising (68 to 79% of legacy trees correctly identified). Huge quantities of data and high technical complexity make SWA unsuitable for widespread adoption without addition of user- friendly interface, but the quantity and quality of data suggests a vast utility in future forest and rangeland research and management.","abstract_html":"Across much of their diverse natural range in the Western US, species of the genus juniperus are expanding onto open grass and shrublands and infilling open woodland areas. In Southern Arizona’s Clifton Ranger District, landscape-scale restoration treatments have been used to stall this expansion and reduce canopy-cover. This study utilizes and compares two techniques – dot- grid sampling and spatial wavelet analysis (SWA) – to estimate the efficacy of these treatments by measuring canopy-cover change pre-and post-treatment. Further, using the SWA dataset, the study explores the potential of SWA for landscape-scale ecological attribute estimation. This study found that restoration treatments significantly reduced canopy-cover with 18% and 42% mean reductions (p &lt; 0.001), depending on treatment. The ability of SWA to estimate canopy- cover, and crown diameter was good in open canopy-cover (EF values up to 0.587 for canopy- cover estimation and 0.558 for crown diameter estimation), but diminished as canopy-cover increased, and systematically under-estimated as canopy-cover and crown diameter increased. Further, SWA showed that the potential for legacy tree and juniper expansion mapping was promising (68 to 79% of legacy trees correctly identified). Huge quantities of data and high technical complexity make SWA unsuitable for widespread adoption without addition of user- friendly interface, but the quantity and quality of data suggests a vast utility in future forest and rangeland research and management.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Apland, Erik James"],"institution":"University of Montana","degree_name":"Master of Science (MS)","degree_level":null,"degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2011,"date_issued":"2011-01-01T08:00:00Z","date_published":"2011-01-01T08:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T03:10:20Z","subjects":["digital mylar","juniper encroachment","spatial wavelets"],"languages":[],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/60","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Apland, Erik James"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["University of Montana"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Science (MS)"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["digital mylar","juniper encroachment","spatial wavelets"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/60"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Across much of their diverse natural range in the Western US, species of the genus juniperus are expanding onto open grass and shrublands and infilling open woodland areas. In Southern Arizona’s Clifton Ranger District, landscape-scale restoration treatments have been used to stall this expansion and reduce canopy-cover. This study utilizes and compares two techniques – dot- grid sampling and spatial wavelet analysis (SWA) – to estimate the efficacy of these treatments by measuring canopy-cover change pre-and post-treatment. Further, using the SWA dataset, the study explores the potential of SWA for landscape-scale ecological attribute estimation. This study found that restoration treatments significantly reduced canopy-cover with 18% and 42% mean reductions (p < 0.001), depending on treatment. The ability of SWA to estimate canopy- cover, and crown diameter was good in open canopy-cover (EF values up to 0.587 for canopy- cover estimation and 0.558 for crown diameter estimation), but diminished as canopy-cover increased, and systematically under-estimated as canopy-cover and crown diameter increased. Further, SWA showed that the potential for legacy tree and juniper expansion mapping was promising (68 to 79% of legacy trees correctly identified). Huge quantities of data and high technical complexity make SWA unsuitable for widespread adoption without addition of user- friendly interface, but the quantity and quality of data suggests a vast utility in future forest and rangeland research and management."]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Assessing Efficacy of Restoration Treatments in Juniper Savannas using Spatial Wavelets and Dot Grids on Aerial Photography"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:creator":["Apland, Erik James"],"dc:description.abstract":["Across much of their diverse natural range in the Western US, species of the genus juniperus are expanding onto open grass and shrublands and infilling open woodland areas. In Southern Arizona’s Clifton Ranger District, landscape-scale restoration treatments have been used to stall this expansion and reduce canopy-cover. This study utilizes and compares two techniques – dot- grid sampling and spatial wavelet analysis (SWA) – to estimate the efficacy of these treatments by measuring canopy-cover change pre-and post-treatment. Further, using the SWA dataset, the study explores the potential of SWA for landscape-scale ecological attribute estimation. This study found that restoration treatments significantly reduced canopy-cover with 18% and 42% mean reductions (p < 0.001), depending on treatment. The ability of SWA to estimate canopy- cover, and crown diameter was good in open canopy-cover (EF values up to 0.587 for canopy- cover estimation and 0.558 for crown diameter estimation), but diminished as canopy-cover increased, and systematically under-estimated as canopy-cover and crown diameter increased. Further, SWA showed that the potential for legacy tree and juniper expansion mapping was promising (68 to 79% of legacy trees correctly identified). Huge quantities of data and high technical complexity make SWA unsuitable for widespread adoption without addition of user- friendly interface, but the quantity and quality of data suggests a vast utility in future forest and rangeland research and management."],"dc:identifier":["https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/60"],"dc:publisher":["University of Montana"],"dc:subject":["digital mylar","juniper encroachment","spatial wavelets"],"dc:title":["Assessing Efficacy of Restoration Treatments in Juniper Savannas using Spatial Wavelets and Dot Grids on Aerial Photography"],"dc:type":["Thesis"],"thesis:degree_name":["Master of Science (MS)"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T03:10:20Z"}