{"id":{"repo_id":"montana-tech","oai_identifier":"oai:scholarworks.umt.edu:etd-1721"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/montana-tech/oai:scholarworks.umt.edu:etd-1721","repository":{"repo_id":"montana-tech","name":"Montana Technology","base_url":"https://scholarworks.umt.edu/do/oai/"},"display":{"title":"NEWSPAPERS IN BHUTAN BEFORE AND AFTER DEMOCRACY","abstract":"Until 25 years ago, no newspaper was published in the tiny Himalayan country of Bhutan, located between two giants, China in the north and India in the west, south and east. Kuensel, commonly dubbed Bhutan's national newspaper, was first started as a government-owned paper in 1986, publishing both in English and Dzongha, the national language. In 1992, the royal decree guaranteed Kuensel an autonomous status although the government continued to subsidize it. In 1999, Kuensel became a fully independent weekly newspaper, and was then transformed to a bi-weekly in 2005","abstract_html":"Until 25 years ago, no newspaper was published in the tiny Himalayan country of Bhutan, located between two giants, China in the north and India in the west, south and east. Kuensel, commonly dubbed Bhutan's national newspaper, was first started as a government-owned paper in 1986, publishing both in English and Dzongha, the national language. In 1992, the royal decree guaranteed Kuensel an autonomous status although the government continued to subsidize it. In 1999, Kuensel became a fully independent weekly newspaper, and was then transformed to a bi-weekly in 2005","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Norbu, Passang"],"institution":"University of Montana","degree_name":"Master of Arts (MA)","degree_level":null,"degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2011,"date_issued":"2011-01-01T08:00:00Z","date_published":"2011-01-01T08:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T03:13:45Z","subjects":["Bhutan","democracy","Kuensel","media","newspaper"],"languages":[],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/702","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Norbu, Passang"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["University of Montana"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Professional Paper - Campus Access Only"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Arts (MA)"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Bhutan","democracy","Kuensel","media","newspaper"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/702"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Until 25 years ago, no newspaper was published in the tiny Himalayan country of Bhutan, located between two giants, China in the north and India in the west, south and east. Kuensel, commonly dubbed Bhutan's national newspaper, was first started as a government-owned paper in 1986, publishing both in English and Dzongha, the national language. In 1992, the royal decree guaranteed Kuensel an autonomous status although the government continued to subsidize it. In 1999, Kuensel became a fully independent weekly newspaper, and was then transformed to a bi-weekly in 2005"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["NEWSPAPERS IN BHUTAN BEFORE AND AFTER DEMOCRACY"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:creator":["Norbu, Passang"],"dc:description.abstract":["Until 25 years ago, no newspaper was published in the tiny Himalayan country of Bhutan, located between two giants, China in the north and India in the west, south and east. Kuensel, commonly dubbed Bhutan's national newspaper, was first started as a government-owned paper in 1986, publishing both in English and Dzongha, the national language. In 1992, the royal decree guaranteed Kuensel an autonomous status although the government continued to subsidize it. In 1999, Kuensel became a fully independent weekly newspaper, and was then transformed to a bi-weekly in 2005"],"dc:identifier":["https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/702"],"dc:publisher":["University of Montana"],"dc:subject":["Bhutan","democracy","Kuensel","media","newspaper"],"dc:title":["NEWSPAPERS IN BHUTAN BEFORE AND AFTER DEMOCRACY"],"dc:type":["Professional Paper - Campus Access Only"],"thesis:degree_name":["Master of Arts (MA)"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T03:13:45Z"}