{"id":{"repo_id":"mo-state","oai_identifier":"oai:bearworks.missouristate.edu:theses-1090"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/mo-state/oai:bearworks.missouristate.edu:theses-1090","repository":{"repo_id":"mo-state","name":"Missouri State University","base_url":"https://bearworks.missouristate.edu/do/oai/"},"display":{"title":"The Effects of Ultraviolet-B Radiation on Aquatic Invertebrates","abstract":"There is strong evidence that decreases in stratospheric ozone have led to increased ultraviolet-B radiation at the surface of the Earth. However, surprisingly little is known about the effects of UV-B radiation on aquatic ecosystems. The purpose of this study was to assess the sensitivity of aquatic invertebrates to UV-B radiation. Solar simulators were used to expose five species of aquatic invertebrates to enhance levels of UV-B radiation. The simulators were calibrated to match local ambient solar radiation. UV-B measurements in a eutrophic pond revealed that 90% of the irradiance was extinguished at approximately 30 cm depth. The irradiance at the upper 5-20 centimeters was comparable to levels used in the simulators. Median lethal dose (LD₅₀) values were determined for the cladocerans Ceriodaphnia reticulata, Scapholeberis kingii, and Daphnia magna, the ostracod Cyprinotus incongruens, and the amphipod Hyalella azteca. Among the species, 96-h LD₅₀ estimates were quite variable, ranging from 4.2 to 84.0 μW/cm². These estimates indicated S. kingii to be highly sensitive, H. azteca, C. reticulata, and D. magna moderately sensitive, whereas the ostracod C. incongruens was very tolerant to UV radiation. A survey of the distribution of S. kingii in Missouri ponds indicated that lightly pigmented individuals were restricted to turbid habitats, a finding consistent with the observation that light morphs could be induced at low light levels in culture. The sensitivity of both morphs to UV-B radiation was surprisingly similar. Overall, this study suggests that, in shallow ponds without physical refuges, UV-B radiation would have the strongest effects upon cladocerans and amphipods occuring in the water column, whereas ostracods would be better protected.","abstract_html":"There is strong evidence that decreases in stratospheric ozone have led to increased ultraviolet-B radiation at the surface of the Earth. However, surprisingly little is known about the effects of UV-B radiation on aquatic ecosystems. The purpose of this study was to assess the sensitivity of aquatic invertebrates to UV-B radiation. Solar simulators were used to expose five species of aquatic invertebrates to enhance levels of UV-B radiation. The simulators were calibrated to match local ambient solar radiation. UV-B measurements in a eutrophic pond revealed that 90% of the irradiance was extinguished at approximately 30 cm depth. The irradiance at the upper 5-20 centimeters was comparable to levels used in the simulators. Median lethal dose (LD₅₀) values were determined for the cladocerans Ceriodaphnia reticulata, Scapholeberis kingii, and Daphnia magna, the ostracod Cyprinotus incongruens, and the amphipod Hyalella azteca. Among the species, 96-h LD₅₀ estimates were quite variable, ranging from 4.2 to 84.0 μW/cm². These estimates indicated S. kingii to be highly sensitive, H. azteca, C. reticulata, and D. magna moderately sensitive, whereas the ostracod C. incongruens was very tolerant to UV radiation. A survey of the distribution of S. kingii in Missouri ponds indicated that lightly pigmented individuals were restricted to turbid habitats, a finding consistent with the observation that light morphs could be induced at low light levels in culture. The sensitivity of both morphs to UV-B radiation was surprisingly similar. Overall, this study suggests that, in shallow ponds without physical refuges, UV-B radiation would have the strongest effects upon cladocerans and amphipods occuring in the water column, whereas ostracods would be better protected.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Hurtubise, Robin D."],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Master of Science in Biology","degree_level":"Masters","degree_discipline":"Biology","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["John Havel"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":1996,"date_issued":"1996-05-01T07:00:00Z","date_published":"1996-05-01T07:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T03:15:12Z","subjects":["Biology"],"languages":[],"rights":["© Robin D Hurtubise"],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://bearworks.missouristate.edu/theses/89","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["John Havel"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Hurtubise, Robin D."]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Biology"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Masters"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Science in Biology"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Biology"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["© Robin D Hurtubise"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://bearworks.missouristate.edu/theses/89"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["There is strong evidence that decreases in stratospheric ozone have led to increased ultraviolet-B radiation at the surface of the Earth. However, surprisingly little is known about the effects of UV-B radiation on aquatic ecosystems. The purpose of this study was to assess the sensitivity of aquatic invertebrates to UV-B radiation. Solar simulators were used to expose five species of aquatic invertebrates to enhance levels of UV-B radiation. The simulators were calibrated to match local ambient solar radiation. UV-B measurements in a eutrophic pond revealed that 90% of the irradiance was extinguished at approximately 30 cm depth. The irradiance at the upper 5-20 centimeters was comparable to levels used in the simulators. Median lethal dose (LD₅₀) values were determined for the cladocerans Ceriodaphnia reticulata, Scapholeberis kingii, and Daphnia magna, the ostracod Cyprinotus incongruens, and the amphipod Hyalella azteca. Among the species, 96-h LD₅₀ estimates were quite variable, ranging from 4.2 to 84.0 μW/cm². These estimates indicated S. kingii to be highly sensitive, H. azteca, C. reticulata, and D. magna moderately sensitive, whereas the ostracod C. incongruens was very tolerant to UV radiation. A survey of the distribution of S. kingii in Missouri ponds indicated that lightly pigmented individuals were restricted to turbid habitats, a finding consistent with the observation that light morphs could be induced at low light levels in culture. The sensitivity of both morphs to UV-B radiation was surprisingly similar. Overall, this study suggests that, in shallow ponds without physical refuges, UV-B radiation would have the strongest effects upon cladocerans and amphipods occuring in the water column, whereas ostracods would be better protected."]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["The Effects of Ultraviolet-B Radiation on Aquatic Invertebrates"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["John Havel"],"dc:creator":["Hurtubise, Robin D."],"dc:description.abstract":["There is strong evidence that decreases in stratospheric ozone have led to increased ultraviolet-B radiation at the surface of the Earth. However, surprisingly little is known about the effects of UV-B radiation on aquatic ecosystems. The purpose of this study was to assess the sensitivity of aquatic invertebrates to UV-B radiation. Solar simulators were used to expose five species of aquatic invertebrates to enhance levels of UV-B radiation. The simulators were calibrated to match local ambient solar radiation. UV-B measurements in a eutrophic pond revealed that 90% of the irradiance was extinguished at approximately 30 cm depth. The irradiance at the upper 5-20 centimeters was comparable to levels used in the simulators. Median lethal dose (LD₅₀) values were determined for the cladocerans Ceriodaphnia reticulata, Scapholeberis kingii, and Daphnia magna, the ostracod Cyprinotus incongruens, and the amphipod Hyalella azteca. Among the species, 96-h LD₅₀ estimates were quite variable, ranging from 4.2 to 84.0 μW/cm². These estimates indicated S. kingii to be highly sensitive, H. azteca, C. reticulata, and D. magna moderately sensitive, whereas the ostracod C. incongruens was very tolerant to UV radiation. A survey of the distribution of S. kingii in Missouri ponds indicated that lightly pigmented individuals were restricted to turbid habitats, a finding consistent with the observation that light morphs could be induced at low light levels in culture. The sensitivity of both morphs to UV-B radiation was surprisingly similar. Overall, this study suggests that, in shallow ponds without physical refuges, UV-B radiation would have the strongest effects upon cladocerans and amphipods occuring in the water column, whereas ostracods would be better protected."],"dc:identifier":["https://bearworks.missouristate.edu/theses/89"],"dc:rights":["© Robin D Hurtubise"],"dc:subject":["Biology"],"dc:title":["The Effects of Ultraviolet-B Radiation on Aquatic Invertebrates"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Biology"],"thesis:degree_level":["Masters"],"thesis:degree_name":["Master of Science in Biology"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T03:15:12Z"}