{"id":{"repo_id":"mit","oai_identifier":"oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/99008"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/mit/oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/99008","repository":{"repo_id":"mit","name":"MIT","base_url":"https://dspace.mit.edu/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"Inventory optimization model for NIKE's long lifecycle highly seasonal replenishment products","abstract":"Currently, demand and inventory planners at NIKE Always Available (NIKE's replenishment business) experience difficulty in managing long-lifecycle highly-seasonal products like soccer equipment and fleece apparel. Very often items are either stocked out at retailers or piling up at Distribution Centers (DCs). NIKE manages inventory to a 95% item fill rate for all replenishment products. Highly seasonal products generally have unpredictable demand patterns which lead to either stock outs or excess inventory. These imbalances in inventory occur without fully understanding the cost and benefit of holding the inventory. To understand the cost and benefit of holding inventory for long lifecycle highly seasonal products, the author analyzed the current profitability, revenue, service level, and inventory position of soccer equipment, sandals, and fleece apparel. From these results, the author modeled the benefits to the above metrics of managing inventory via a dynamic service level approach that varies the service level over the season. Next, the author modeled the benefits of managing inventory via dual-sourcing. Lastly, the author modeled the profitability impact of reducing lead times for these items. These models have shown that long lead times and high seasonality are key drivers of large safety stock quantities. Also, with highly seasonal long lead time products, dynamically managing the service level by increasing the service level at the beginning of a product's life and lowering it in its last season of life offers greater profitability than managing to a static service level. Lastly, there is an opportunity to increase the profitability of these products by changing the supply chain to enable dual-sourcing or by reducing lead times.","abstract_html":"Currently, demand and inventory planners at NIKE Always Available (NIKE's replenishment business) experience difficulty in managing long-lifecycle highly-seasonal products like soccer equipment and fleece apparel. Very often items are either stocked out at retailers or piling up at Distribution Centers (DCs). NIKE manages inventory to a 95% item fill rate for all replenishment products. Highly seasonal products generally have unpredictable demand patterns which lead to either stock outs or excess inventory. These imbalances in inventory occur without fully understanding the cost and benefit of holding the inventory. To understand the cost and benefit of holding inventory for long lifecycle highly seasonal products, the author analyzed the current profitability, revenue, service level, and inventory position of soccer equipment, sandals, and fleece apparel. From these results, the author modeled the benefits to the above metrics of managing inventory via a dynamic service level approach that varies the service level over the season. Next, the author modeled the benefits of managing inventory via dual-sourcing. Lastly, the author modeled the profitability impact of reducing lead times for these items. These models have shown that long lead times and high seasonality are key drivers of large safety stock quantities. Also, with highly seasonal long lead time products, dynamically managing the service level by increasing the service level at the beginning of a product's life and lowering it in its last season of life offers greater profitability than managing to a static service level. Lastly, there is an opportunity to increase the profitability of these products by changing the supply chain to enable dual-sourcing or by reducing lead times.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Kang, John H. (John Hyun-June)"],"institution":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","degree_name":null,"degree_level":null,"degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":"Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT","school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":["Stephen C. Graves and David Simchi-Levi."],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2015,"date_issued":"2015","date_published":"2015","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:20:59Z","subjects":["Sloan School of Management.","Engineering Systems Division.","Leaders for Global Operations Program."],"languages":["eng"],"rights":["M.I.T. theses are protected by copyright. They may be viewed from this source for any purpose, but reproduction or distribution in any format is prohibited without written permission. See provided URL for inquiries about permission."],"rights_urls":["http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/7582"],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/99008","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.advisor","label":"Advisor","values":["Stephen C. 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In conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT.","Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.","Includes bibliographical references (page 41)."]},{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Currently, demand and inventory planners at NIKE Always Available (NIKE's replenishment business) experience difficulty in managing long-lifecycle highly-seasonal products like soccer equipment and fleece apparel. Very often items are either stocked out at retailers or piling up at Distribution Centers (DCs). NIKE manages inventory to a 95% item fill rate for all replenishment products. Highly seasonal products generally have unpredictable demand patterns which lead to either stock outs or excess inventory. These imbalances in inventory occur without fully understanding the cost and benefit of holding the inventory. To understand the cost and benefit of holding inventory for long lifecycle highly seasonal products, the author analyzed the current profitability, revenue, service level, and inventory position of soccer equipment, sandals, and fleece apparel. From these results, the author modeled the benefits to the above metrics of managing inventory via a dynamic service level approach that varies the service level over the season. Next, the author modeled the benefits of managing inventory via dual-sourcing. Lastly, the author modeled the profitability impact of reducing lead times for these items. These models have shown that long lead times and high seasonality are key drivers of large safety stock quantities. Also, with highly seasonal long lead time products, dynamically managing the service level by increasing the service level at the beginning of a product's life and lowering it in its last season of life offers greater profitability than managing to a static service level. Lastly, there is an opportunity to increase the profitability of these products by changing the supply chain to enable dual-sourcing or by reducing lead times."]},{"key":"dc:description.degree","label":"Dc Description Degree","values":["M.B.A.","S.M."]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Inventory optimization model for NIKE's long lifecycle highly seasonal replenishment products"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor.advisor":["Stephen C. Graves and David Simchi-Levi."],"dc:contributor.department":["Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT","Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Engineering Systems Division","Sloan School of Management"],"dc:contributor.other":["Leaders for Global Operations Program."],"dc:creator":["Kang, John H. (John Hyun-June)"],"dc:date.accessioned":["2015-09-29T18:58:01Z"],"dc:date.available":["2015-09-29T18:58:01Z"],"dc:date.issued":["2015"],"dc:description":["Thesis: M.B.A., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2015. In conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT.","Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2015. In conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT.","Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.","Includes bibliographical references (page 41)."],"dc:description.abstract":["Currently, demand and inventory planners at NIKE Always Available (NIKE's replenishment business) experience difficulty in managing long-lifecycle highly-seasonal products like soccer equipment and fleece apparel. Very often items are either stocked out at retailers or piling up at Distribution Centers (DCs). NIKE manages inventory to a 95% item fill rate for all replenishment products. Highly seasonal products generally have unpredictable demand patterns which lead to either stock outs or excess inventory. These imbalances in inventory occur without fully understanding the cost and benefit of holding the inventory. To understand the cost and benefit of holding inventory for long lifecycle highly seasonal products, the author analyzed the current profitability, revenue, service level, and inventory position of soccer equipment, sandals, and fleece apparel. From these results, the author modeled the benefits to the above metrics of managing inventory via a dynamic service level approach that varies the service level over the season. Next, the author modeled the benefits of managing inventory via dual-sourcing. Lastly, the author modeled the profitability impact of reducing lead times for these items. These models have shown that long lead times and high seasonality are key drivers of large safety stock quantities. Also, with highly seasonal long lead time products, dynamically managing the service level by increasing the service level at the beginning of a product's life and lowering it in its last season of life offers greater profitability than managing to a static service level. Lastly, there is an opportunity to increase the profitability of these products by changing the supply chain to enable dual-sourcing or by reducing lead times."],"dc:description.degree":["M.B.A.","S.M."],"dc:identifier.uri":["http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/99008"],"dc:language.iso":["eng"],"dc:publisher":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology"],"dc:rights":["M.I.T. theses are protected by copyright. They may be viewed from this source for any purpose, but reproduction or distribution in any format is prohibited without written permission. See provided URL for inquiries about permission."],"dc:rights.uri":["http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/7582"],"dc:subject":["Sloan School of Management.","Engineering Systems Division.","Leaders for Global Operations Program."],"dc:title":["Inventory optimization model for NIKE's long lifecycle highly seasonal replenishment products"],"dc:type":["Thesis"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:20:59Z"}