Mass-independent sulfur isotope fractionation during photochemistry of sulfur dioxide

Mass-independent sulfur isotope signatures are observed in Archean and early Paleoproterozoic sedimentary sulfate and sulfide minerals, and provide the most robust constraints on early atmospheric oxygen levels. Smaller mass-independent sulfur isotope anomalies are observed in ice cores and interpreted as a tracer of stratospheric volcanic loading. Photochemistry of sulfur dioxide (SO2) has been implicated as a possible source of the mass-independent sulfur isotope signatures in both the modern stratosphere and on the early earth. However, the mechanisms responsible for the production of mass-independent sulfur isotope fractionation remain poorly constrained. This thesis investigates the multiple sulfur isotope systematics during photochemical reactions of sulfur dioxide as a function of a variety of experimental conditions. Two absorption regions of SO2 are tested - photolysis in the 190 to 220 nm region and photoexcitation in the 250 to 350 nm region. Experimental conditions modified include temperature, SO2 pressure, bath gas pressure, and addition of reactive gases (C2 H2, 02 and CH4). Results of photochemical experiments are compared with isotope systematics predicted from isotopologue-specific absorption cross-sections to identify potential mechanisms for the production of mass-independent fractionation during photochemical reactions. Strong similarity between the isotope systematics of SO2 photolysis and ice core data suggest that SO2 photolysis is responsible for the production of mass-independent sulfur isotope effects in the modern stratosphere. In contrast, significant discrepancies between the isotope signatures from SO2 photochemistry and those in the Archean record suggest that, although SO2 photolysis was likely an important process in the Archean atmosphere, an additional reaction likely contributes to the mass-independent sulfur isotope signatures preserved in the Archean rock record.

Department dc:contributor.department

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences.

Grantor dc:publisher

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Year dc:date.issued

2015

Author dc:creator

• Whitehill, Andrew (Andrew Richard)

Advisor dc:contributor.advisor

• Shuhei Ono.

• Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences.

Statement dc:rights

• M.I.T. theses are protected by copyright. They may be viewed from this source for any purpose, but reproduction or distribution in any format is prohibited without written permission. See provided URL for inquiries about permission.

Licence dc:rights.uri

• http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/7582

Language dc:language.iso

eng

Handle dc:identifier.uri

http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/97334

OAI identifier oai:identifier

oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/97334