Polynomial identity testing of read-once oblivious algebraic branching programs

We study the problem of obtaining efficient, deterministic, black-box polynomial identity testing algorithms (PIT) for algebraic branching programs (ABPs) that are read-once and oblivious. This class has an efficient, deterministic, white-box polynomial identity testing algorithm (due to Raz and Shpilka [RS05]), but prior to this work there was no known such black-box algorithm. The main result of this work gives the first quasi-polynomial sized hitting set for size S circuits from this class, when the order of the variables is known. As our hitting set is of size exp(lg2 S), this is analogous (in the terminology of boolean pseudorandomness) to a seed-length of lg2 S, which is the seed length of the pseudorandom generators of Nisan [Nis92] and Impagliazzo-Nisan-Wigderson [INW94] for read-once oblivious boolean branching programs. Thus our work can be seen as an algebraic analogue of these foundational results in boolean pseudorandomness. We also show that several other circuit classes can be black-box reduced to readonce oblivious ABPs, including non-commutative ABPs and diagonal depth-4 circuits, and consequently obtain similar hitting sets for these classes as well. To establish the above hitting sets, we use a form of dimension reduction we call a rank condenser, which maps a large-dimensional space to a medium-dimensional space, while preserving the rank of low-dimensional subspaces. We give an explicit construction of a rank condenser that is randomness efficient and show how it can be used as a form of oblivious Gaussian elimination. As an application, we strengthen a result of Mulmuley [Mul12a], and show that derandomizing a particular case of the Noether Normalization Lemma is reducible to black-box PIT of read-once oblivious ABPs. Using our hitting set results, this gives a derandomization of Noether Normalization in that case.

Department dc:contributor.department

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science.

Grantor dc:publisher

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Year dc:date.issued

2014

Author dc:creator

• Forbes, Michael Andrew

Advisor dc:contributor.advisor

• Scott Aaronson and Amir Shpilka.

• Electrical Engineering and Computer Science.

Statement dc:rights

• M.I.T. theses are protected by copyright. They may be viewed from this source for any purpose, but reproduction or distribution in any format is prohibited without written permission. See provided URL for inquiries about permission.

Licence dc:rights.uri

• http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/7582

Language dc:language.iso

eng

Handle dc:identifier.uri

http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/89843

OAI identifier oai:identifier

oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/89843