{"id":{"repo_id":"mit","oai_identifier":"oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/80900"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/mit/oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/80900","repository":{"repo_id":"mit","name":"MIT","base_url":"https://dspace.mit.edu/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"Enabling multi-cation electrolyte usage in LMBs for lower cost and operating temperature","abstract":"Alloy anodes form a promising path to the use of multi-cation electrolytes by increasing chemical stability. In this study, a lithium-magnesium alloy anode was developed such that lower cost and lower melting temperature multi-cation electrolytes could be incorporated in liquid metal batteries (LMBs). In a first part of this work, Lithium-magnesium was proven to be a viable anode in a standard uni-cation (Li+) Li-Mg/LiCl-LiF-LiI/Sb-Pb battery. SEM and EDS confirmed the stability of this anode with respect to the cathode (Sb-Pb) and the standard uni-cation electrolyte. Performance metrics (voltage, efficiencies, etc.) for the Li-Mg anode cell were found to be comparable to the analogous pure Li anode system. In a second part of this work, using the alloyed Li-Mg anode, we demonstrated successful cycling of cells using multi cation electrolytes in Li-Mg/LiBr-KBr/Sb-Pb and Li-Mg/LiCl-KCl/Sb-Pb LMBs. Each of these multi-cation electrolyte systems boasted an active materials energy cost of (<150$/kWh), which is less expensive than the metric cost to implement storage batteries in the electrical grid.[1] These results open the door to incorporating lower cost and lower melting temperature electrolyte candidates in LMBs by using alloyed anodes.","abstract_html":"Alloy anodes form a promising path to the use of multi-cation electrolytes by increasing chemical stability. In this study, a lithium-magnesium alloy anode was developed such that lower cost and lower melting temperature multi-cation electrolytes could be incorporated in liquid metal batteries (LMBs). In a first part of this work, Lithium-magnesium was proven to be a viable anode in a standard uni-cation (Li+) Li-Mg/LiCl-LiF-LiI/Sb-Pb battery. SEM and EDS confirmed the stability of this anode with respect to the cathode (Sb-Pb) and the standard uni-cation electrolyte. Performance metrics (voltage, efficiencies, etc.) for the Li-Mg anode cell were found to be comparable to the analogous pure Li anode system. In a second part of this work, using the alloyed Li-Mg anode, we demonstrated successful cycling of cells using multi cation electrolytes in Li-Mg/LiBr-KBr/Sb-Pb and Li-Mg/LiCl-KCl/Sb-Pb LMBs. Each of these multi-cation electrolyte systems boasted an active materials energy cost of (&lt;150$/kWh), which is less expensive than the metric cost to implement storage batteries in the electrical grid.[1] These results open the door to incorporating lower cost and lower melting temperature electrolyte candidates in LMBs by using alloyed anodes.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Blanchard, Allan (Allan B.)"],"institution":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","degree_name":null,"degree_level":null,"degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Materials Science and Engineering.","school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":["Donald R. Sadoway."],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2013,"date_issued":"2013","date_published":"2013","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:21:51Z","subjects":["Materials Science and Engineering."],"languages":["eng"],"rights":["M.I.T. theses are protected by copyright. They may be viewed from this source for any purpose, but reproduction or distribution in any format is prohibited without written permission. See provided URL for inquiries about permission."],"rights_urls":["http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/7582"],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/80900","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.advisor","label":"Advisor","values":["Donald R. Sadoway."]},{"key":"dc:contributor.department","label":"Department","values":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Materials Science and Engineering."]},{"key":"dc:contributor.other","label":"Dc Contributor Other","values":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 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The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.","Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.","Includes bibliographical references (p. 60-61)."]},{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Alloy anodes form a promising path to the use of multi-cation electrolytes by increasing chemical stability. In this study, a lithium-magnesium alloy anode was developed such that lower cost and lower melting temperature multi-cation electrolytes could be incorporated in liquid metal batteries (LMBs). In a first part of this work, Lithium-magnesium was proven to be a viable anode in a standard uni-cation (Li+) Li-Mg/LiCl-LiF-LiI/Sb-Pb battery. SEM and EDS confirmed the stability of this anode with respect to the cathode (Sb-Pb) and the standard uni-cation electrolyte. Performance metrics (voltage, efficiencies, etc.) for the Li-Mg anode cell were found to be comparable to the analogous pure Li anode system. In a second part of this work, using the alloyed Li-Mg anode, we demonstrated successful cycling of cells using multi cation electrolytes in Li-Mg/LiBr-KBr/Sb-Pb and Li-Mg/LiCl-KCl/Sb-Pb LMBs. Each of these multi-cation electrolyte systems boasted an active materials energy cost of (<150$/kWh), which is less expensive than the metric cost to implement storage batteries in the electrical grid.[1] These results open the door to incorporating lower cost and lower melting temperature electrolyte candidates in LMBs by using alloyed anodes."]},{"key":"dc:description.degree","label":"Dc Description Degree","values":["S.B."]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Enabling multi-cation electrolyte usage in LMBs for lower cost and operating temperature"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor.advisor":["Donald R. Sadoway."],"dc:contributor.department":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 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In this study, a lithium-magnesium alloy anode was developed such that lower cost and lower melting temperature multi-cation electrolytes could be incorporated in liquid metal batteries (LMBs). In a first part of this work, Lithium-magnesium was proven to be a viable anode in a standard uni-cation (Li+) Li-Mg/LiCl-LiF-LiI/Sb-Pb battery. SEM and EDS confirmed the stability of this anode with respect to the cathode (Sb-Pb) and the standard uni-cation electrolyte. Performance metrics (voltage, efficiencies, etc.) for the Li-Mg anode cell were found to be comparable to the analogous pure Li anode system. In a second part of this work, using the alloyed Li-Mg anode, we demonstrated successful cycling of cells using multi cation electrolytes in Li-Mg/LiBr-KBr/Sb-Pb and Li-Mg/LiCl-KCl/Sb-Pb LMBs. Each of these multi-cation electrolyte systems boasted an active materials energy cost of (<150$/kWh), which is less expensive than the metric cost to implement storage batteries in the electrical grid.[1] These results open the door to incorporating lower cost and lower melting temperature electrolyte candidates in LMBs by using alloyed anodes."],"dc:description.degree":["S.B."],"dc:identifier.uri":["http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/80900"],"dc:language.iso":["eng"],"dc:publisher":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology"],"dc:rights":["M.I.T. theses are protected by copyright. They may be viewed from this source for any purpose, but reproduction or distribution in any format is prohibited without written permission. See provided URL for inquiries about permission."],"dc:rights.uri":["http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/7582"],"dc:subject":["Materials Science and Engineering."],"dc:title":["Enabling multi-cation electrolyte usage in LMBs for lower cost and operating temperature"],"dc:type":["Thesis"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:21:51Z"}