{"id":{"repo_id":"mit","oai_identifier":"oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/75904"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/mit/oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/75904","repository":{"repo_id":"mit","name":"MIT","base_url":"https://dspace.mit.edu/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"Passive solar for urban tenement housing : case study and retrofit design for West-Berlin","abstract":"Studies about residential passive solar heating have been conducted in many countries, mostly dealing with new or existing single family houses and nearly unlimited access to the sun. Only a few studies are related to residential projects that use passive solar in an urban context and must cope with limited solar access, fixed city layouts, and constrictive building laws (1,2,3,4). Multifamily housing in German cities accounts for a major portion of the existing building stock. A range of German energy standards try to enforce the improvement of old and poorly insulated structures by these efforts only support conservation. As yet there is no initiative to seek optimal use of available solar energies. The heat loss in multifamily housing is already reduced to a significant degree: only a small number of weather walls and windows create actual heat losses, and internal gains act as beneficial heat sources which lower the demand for space heat. With increased use of solar energy, the usual 8.5 month heating period could be substantially shortened. Calculations included in this work show the potential for reducing the annual heating season to less than three months. Case studies of two tenement building types generic to the city of Berlin describe the existing situation in Germany and explore possible approaches for improving the use of passive solar energy by combining new and innovative materials with the existing building stock. All the factors related to climatic responsible design under local conditions are explained in a step-by-step procedure suitable for use by any architectural office concerned with using passive solar energy in an urban context.","abstract_html":"Studies about residential passive solar heating have been conducted in many countries, mostly dealing with new or existing single family houses and nearly unlimited access to the sun. Only a few studies are related to residential projects that use passive solar in an urban context and must cope with limited solar access, fixed city layouts, and constrictive building laws (1,2,3,4). Multifamily housing in German cities accounts for a major portion of the existing building stock. A range of German energy standards try to enforce the improvement of old and poorly insulated structures by these efforts only support conservation. As yet there is no initiative to seek optimal use of available solar energies. The heat loss in multifamily housing is already reduced to a significant degree: only a small number of weather walls and windows create actual heat losses, and internal gains act as beneficial heat sources which lower the demand for space heat. With increased use of solar energy, the usual 8.5 month heating period could be substantially shortened. Calculations included in this work show the potential for reducing the annual heating season to less than three months. Case studies of two tenement building types generic to the city of Berlin describe the existing situation in Germany and explore possible approaches for improving the use of passive solar energy by combining new and innovative materials with the existing building stock. All the factors related to climatic responsible design under local conditions are explained in a step-by-step procedure suitable for use by any architectural office concerned with using passive solar energy in an urban context.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Lohr, Alexander W"],"institution":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","degree_name":null,"degree_level":null,"degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Architecture.","school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":["Timothy E. Johnson."],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":1981,"date_issued":"1981","date_published":"1981","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:21:22Z","subjects":["Architecture."],"languages":["eng"],"rights":["M.I.T. theses are protected by copyright. They may be viewed from this source for any purpose, but reproduction or distribution in any format is prohibited without written permission. See provided URL for inquiries about permission."],"rights_urls":["http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/7582"],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/75904","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.advisor","label":"Advisor","values":["Timothy E. Johnson."]},{"key":"dc:contributor.department","label":"Department","values":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Architecture."]},{"key":"dc:contributor.other","label":"Dc Contributor Other","values":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Architecture."]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Lohr, Alexander W"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.accessioned","label":"Dc Date Accessioned","values":["2013-01-07T21:04:20Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2013-01-07T21:04:20Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["1981"]},{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Architecture."]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language.iso","label":"Language (ISO)","values":["eng"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["M.I.T. theses are protected by copyright. They may be viewed from this source for any purpose, but reproduction or distribution in any format is prohibited without written permission. See provided URL for inquiries about permission."]},{"key":"dc:rights.uri","label":"Rights URI","values":["http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/7582"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/75904"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["Thesis (M. Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1981.","MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH.","Includes bibliographical references."]},{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Studies about residential passive solar heating have been conducted in many countries, mostly dealing with new or existing single family houses and nearly unlimited access to the sun. Only a few studies are related to residential projects that use passive solar in an urban context and must cope with limited solar access, fixed city layouts, and constrictive building laws (1,2,3,4). Multifamily housing in German cities accounts for a major portion of the existing building stock. A range of German energy standards try to enforce the improvement of old and poorly insulated structures by these efforts only support conservation. As yet there is no initiative to seek optimal use of available solar energies. The heat loss in multifamily housing is already reduced to a significant degree: only a small number of weather walls and windows create actual heat losses, and internal gains act as beneficial heat sources which lower the demand for space heat. With increased use of solar energy, the usual 8.5 month heating period could be substantially shortened. Calculations included in this work show the potential for reducing the annual heating season to less than three months. Case studies of two tenement building types generic to the city of Berlin describe the existing situation in Germany and explore possible approaches for improving the use of passive solar energy by combining new and innovative materials with the existing building stock. All the factors related to climatic responsible design under local conditions are explained in a step-by-step procedure suitable for use by any architectural office concerned with using passive solar energy in an urban context."]},{"key":"dc:description.degree","label":"Dc Description Degree","values":["M.Arch."]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Passive solar for urban tenement housing : case study and retrofit design for West-Berlin"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor.advisor":["Timothy E. Johnson."],"dc:contributor.department":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Architecture."],"dc:contributor.other":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Architecture."],"dc:creator":["Lohr, Alexander W"],"dc:date.accessioned":["2013-01-07T21:04:20Z"],"dc:date.available":["2013-01-07T21:04:20Z"],"dc:date.issued":["1981"],"dc:description":["Thesis (M. Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1981.","MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH.","Includes bibliographical references."],"dc:description.abstract":["Studies about residential passive solar heating have been conducted in many countries, mostly dealing with new or existing single family houses and nearly unlimited access to the sun. Only a few studies are related to residential projects that use passive solar in an urban context and must cope with limited solar access, fixed city layouts, and constrictive building laws (1,2,3,4). Multifamily housing in German cities accounts for a major portion of the existing building stock. A range of German energy standards try to enforce the improvement of old and poorly insulated structures by these efforts only support conservation. As yet there is no initiative to seek optimal use of available solar energies. The heat loss in multifamily housing is already reduced to a significant degree: only a small number of weather walls and windows create actual heat losses, and internal gains act as beneficial heat sources which lower the demand for space heat. With increased use of solar energy, the usual 8.5 month heating period could be substantially shortened. Calculations included in this work show the potential for reducing the annual heating season to less than three months. Case studies of two tenement building types generic to the city of Berlin describe the existing situation in Germany and explore possible approaches for improving the use of passive solar energy by combining new and innovative materials with the existing building stock. All the factors related to climatic responsible design under local conditions are explained in a step-by-step procedure suitable for use by any architectural office concerned with using passive solar energy in an urban context."],"dc:description.degree":["M.Arch."],"dc:identifier.uri":["http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/75904"],"dc:language.iso":["eng"],"dc:publisher":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology"],"dc:rights":["M.I.T. theses are protected by copyright. They may be viewed from this source for any purpose, but reproduction or distribution in any format is prohibited without written permission. See provided URL for inquiries about permission."],"dc:rights.uri":["http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/7582"],"dc:subject":["Architecture."],"dc:title":["Passive solar for urban tenement housing : case study and retrofit design for West-Berlin"],"dc:type":["Thesis"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:21:22Z"}