Excited states and electron transfer in solution : models based on density functional theory

Our understanding of organic materials for solar energy conversion stands to benefit greatly from accurate, computationally tractable electronic structure methods for excited states. Here we apply two approaches based on density functional theory (DFT) to predict excitation energies and electron transfer parameters in organic chromophores and semiconductors in solution. First, we apply constrained DFT to characterize charge recombination in a photoexcited donor-acceptor dyad and to understand the photophysical behavior of a fluorescent sensor for aqueous zinc. Second, we discover that the delta-self-consistent-field ([Delta]SCF) approach to excited states in DFT offers accuracy comparable to that of the better-established but more indirect linear-response time-dependent DFT approach, and we offer some justification for the similarity. Finally, we investigate a spin-restricted analog of [Delta]SCF known as restricted open-shell Kohn-Sham (ROKS) theory. We resolve a known ambiguity in the formal solution of the ROKS equations for the singlet excited state by presenting a self-consistent implementation of ROKS with respect to the mixing angle between the two open shells. The excited state methods developed and applied in this work contribute to the expanding toolkit of electronic structure theory for challenging problems in the characterization and design of organic materials.

Department dc:contributor.department

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Chemistry.

Grantor dc:publisher

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Year dc:date.issued

2012

Author dc:creator

• Kowalczyk, Timothy Daniel

Advisor dc:contributor.advisor

• Troy Van Voorhis.

• Chemistry.

Statement dc:rights

• M.I.T. theses are protected by copyright. They may be viewed from this source for any purpose, but reproduction or distribution in any format is prohibited without written permission. See provided URL for inquiries about permission.

Licence dc:rights.uri

• http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/7582

Language dc:language.iso

eng

Handle dc:identifier.uri

http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/73432

OAI identifier oai:identifier

oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/73432