{"id":{"repo_id":"mit","oai_identifier":"oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/72871"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/mit/oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/72871","repository":{"repo_id":"mit","name":"MIT","base_url":"https://dspace.mit.edu/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"Challenges for internationalization models : the case of e-commerce ventures' informal internationalization","abstract":"This paper investigates if internationalization models can be applied to American e-commerce ventures. Empirical results show that e-commerce ventures do not follow internationalization models, in which companies either focus on their national market before expanding to other markets or aim for an early internationalization. Many e-commerce ventures start with informal exports and then either formalize these sales channels, either focus only on the US market. The probability of informal exports declines when firm size increases. These results challenge internationalization models and call for a revision of them to include informal exports.","abstract_html":"This paper investigates if internationalization models can be applied to American e-commerce ventures. Empirical results show that e-commerce ventures do not follow internationalization models, in which companies either focus on their national market before expanding to other markets or aim for an early internationalization. Many e-commerce ventures start with informal exports and then either formalize these sales channels, either focus only on the US market. The probability of informal exports declines when firm size increases. These results challenge internationalization models and call for a revision of them to include informal exports.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["François, Sébastien (Sébastien Emmanuel)"],"institution":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","degree_name":null,"degree_level":null,"degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":"Sloan School of Management.","school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":["Scott Stern."],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2012,"date_issued":"2012","date_published":"2012","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:22:28Z","subjects":["Sloan School of Management."],"languages":["eng"],"rights":["M.I.T. theses are protected by copyright. They may be viewed from this source for any purpose, but reproduction or distribution in any format is prohibited without written permission. See provided URL for inquiries about permission."],"rights_urls":["http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/7582"],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/72871","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.advisor","label":"Advisor","values":["Scott Stern."]},{"key":"dc:contributor.department","label":"Department","values":["Sloan School of Management."]},{"key":"dc:contributor.other","label":"Dc Contributor Other","values":["Sloan School of Management."]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["François, Sébastien (Sébastien Emmanuel)"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.accessioned","label":"Dc Date Accessioned","values":["2012-09-13T18:58:12Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2012-09-13T18:58:12Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["2012"]},{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Sloan School of Management."]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language.iso","label":"Language (ISO)","values":["eng"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["M.I.T. theses are protected by copyright. They may be viewed from this source for any purpose, but reproduction or distribution in any format is prohibited without written permission. See provided URL for inquiries about permission."]},{"key":"dc:rights.uri","label":"Rights URI","values":["http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/7582"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/72871"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2012.","Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.","Includes bibliographical references (p. 33-34)."]},{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["This paper investigates if internationalization models can be applied to American e-commerce ventures. Empirical results show that e-commerce ventures do not follow internationalization models, in which companies either focus on their national market before expanding to other markets or aim for an early internationalization. Many e-commerce ventures start with informal exports and then either formalize these sales channels, either focus only on the US market. The probability of informal exports declines when firm size increases. These results challenge internationalization models and call for a revision of them to include informal exports."]},{"key":"dc:description.degree","label":"Dc Description Degree","values":["S.M."]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Challenges for internationalization models : the case of e-commerce ventures' informal internationalization"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor.advisor":["Scott Stern."],"dc:contributor.department":["Sloan School of Management."],"dc:contributor.other":["Sloan School of Management."],"dc:creator":["François, Sébastien (Sébastien Emmanuel)"],"dc:date.accessioned":["2012-09-13T18:58:12Z"],"dc:date.available":["2012-09-13T18:58:12Z"],"dc:date.issued":["2012"],"dc:description":["Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2012.","Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.","Includes bibliographical references (p. 33-34)."],"dc:description.abstract":["This paper investigates if internationalization models can be applied to American e-commerce ventures. Empirical results show that e-commerce ventures do not follow internationalization models, in which companies either focus on their national market before expanding to other markets or aim for an early internationalization. Many e-commerce ventures start with informal exports and then either formalize these sales channels, either focus only on the US market. The probability of informal exports declines when firm size increases. These results challenge internationalization models and call for a revision of them to include informal exports."],"dc:description.degree":["S.M."],"dc:identifier.uri":["http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/72871"],"dc:language.iso":["eng"],"dc:publisher":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology"],"dc:rights":["M.I.T. theses are protected by copyright. They may be viewed from this source for any purpose, but reproduction or distribution in any format is prohibited without written permission. See provided URL for inquiries about permission."],"dc:rights.uri":["http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/7582"],"dc:subject":["Sloan School of Management."],"dc:title":["Challenges for internationalization models : the case of e-commerce ventures' informal internationalization"],"dc:type":["Thesis"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:22:28Z"}