Analysis of a supercritical hydrogen liquefaction cycle

In this work, a supercritical hydrogen liquefaction cycle is proposed and analyzed numerically. If hydrogen is to be used as an energy carrier, the efficiency of liquefaction will become increasingly important. By examining some difficulties of commonly used industrial liquefaction cycles, several changes were suggested and a readily scalable, supercritical, helium-cooled hydrogen liquefaction cycle was proposed. A novel overlap in flow paths of the two coldest stages allowed the heat exchanger losses to be minimized and the use of a single-phase liquid expander eliminated the pressure reduction losses associated with a Joule-Thomson valve. A simulation program was written in MATLAB to investigate the effects of altering component efficiencies and various system parameters on the cycle efficiency. In addition to performing the overall cycle simulations, several of the system components were studied in greater detail. First, the required volume of the ortho-para catalyst beds was estimated based on published experimental data. Next, the improvement in cycle efficiency due to the use of a single-phase liquid expander to reduce the pressure of the hydrogen stream was estimated. Finally, a heat exchanger simulation program was developed to verify the feasibility and to estimate the approximate size of the heat exchangers in the cycle simulation. For a large, 50-ton-per-day plant with reasonable estimates of achievable component efficiencies, the proposed cycle offered a modest improvement in efficiency over the current state of the art. In comparison to the 30-40% Second Law efficiencies of today's most advanced industrial plants, efficiencies of 39-44% were predicted for the proposed cycle, depending on the heat exchange area employed.

Department dc:contributor.department

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Mechanical Engineering.

Grantor dc:publisher

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Year dc:date.issued

2008

Author dc:creator

• Staats, Wayne Lawrence

Advisor dc:contributor.advisor

• John G. Brisson.

• Mechanical Engineering.

Statement dc:rights

• M.I.T. theses are protected by copyright. They may be viewed from this source for any purpose, but reproduction or distribution in any format is prohibited without written permission. See provided URL for inquiries about permission.

Licence dc:rights.uri

• http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/7582

Language dc:language.iso

eng

Handle dc:identifier.uri

http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/45208

OAI identifier oai:identifier

oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/45208