Developments in Complex Systems Science with Applications to Political Systems and Pandemic Response

The standard assumptions that underlie most conceptual and quantitative frameworks do not hold for many complex physical, biological, and social systems. Complex systems science clarifies when and why such assumptions fail and provides alternative frameworks for understanding the properties of complex systems. We review some of the basic principles of complex systems science and provide a mathematical formalism for complexity profiles. We also illustrate general modeling principles using examples from pandemic response, including an illustration of how pandemics can be stably eliminated with a combination of social distancing measures and travel restrictions and how bad science led to bad policy regarding the use of face masks. Applications to democratic elections are also described. We define the concepts of negative representation and electoral instability, demonstrating that United States’ presidential elections underwent a transition from a stable to an unstable regime in the 1970s and have since become increasingly unstable. We also consider the implications of geographic political polarization on multi-scale electoral systems.

Name thesis:degree_name

Doctoral

Department dc:contributor.department

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics

Grantor dc:publisher

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Year dc:date.issued

2022

Author dc:creator

• Siegenfeld, Alexander F.

Advisors dc:contributor.advisor

• Bar-Yam, Yaneer
• Roy, Deb
• Kardar, Mehran

Statement dc:rights

• In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted
• Copyright MIT

Licence dc:rights.uri

• http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-EDU/1.0/

Handle dc:identifier.uri

https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/150720

OAI identifier oai:identifier

oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/150720