{"id":{"repo_id":"mit","oai_identifier":"oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/138709"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/mit/oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/138709","repository":{"repo_id":"mit","name":"MIT","base_url":"https://dspace.mit.edu/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"The measles defect in CA-15 alloy steel castings","abstract":"An investigation was made to determine the effects of various mold variables on the surface condition of CA-15 alloy steel castings. This alloy often suffers from a peculiar defect known as measles, and an attempt was made to determine what reactions at the old-metal interface cause this defect. To this end, small cylindrical pins were rammed in sand molds and heated or melted in a small induction furnace. The type of sand and clay used were held constant while various atmospheres were provided in the mold flask. It was found that samples heated to 50°C below the melting point in an oxidizing atmosphere showed the characteristic measles defect encountered in casting CA-15 alloy in green sand molds. Samples melted, cooled to 50°C below the melting point, and held at that temperature in an oxidizing atmosphere showed a combination of the two defects. It was found that the measles defect is due to a liquid state reaction in which the chromium in the melt is oxidized to Cr₂O₃·Fe₂O₃ and Cr₂O₃·FeO. The mechanism was found to be akin to a pitting form of corrosion. The oxidizing atmosphere is provided by moisture in the molding material and carbon dioxide formed by the combustion of organic binders.","abstract_html":"An investigation was made to determine the effects of various mold variables on the surface condition of CA-15 alloy steel castings. This alloy often suffers from a peculiar defect known as measles, and an attempt was made to determine what reactions at the old-metal interface cause this defect. To this end, small cylindrical pins were rammed in sand molds and heated or melted in a small induction furnace. The type of sand and clay used were held constant while various atmospheres were provided in the mold flask. It was found that samples heated to 50°C below the melting point in an oxidizing atmosphere showed the characteristic measles defect encountered in casting CA-15 alloy in green sand molds. Samples melted, cooled to 50°C below the melting point, and held at that temperature in an oxidizing atmosphere showed a combination of the two defects. It was found that the measles defect is due to a liquid state reaction in which the chromium in the melt is oxidized to Cr₂O₃·Fe₂O₃ and Cr₂O₃·FeO. The mechanism was found to be akin to a pitting form of corrosion. The oxidizing atmosphere is provided by moisture in the molding material and carbon dioxide formed by the combustion of organic binders.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Fraunhofer, Harold G."],"institution":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","degree_name":"Bachelor","degree_level":null,"degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Metallurgy","school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":1958,"date_issued":"1958","date_published":"1958","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:21:47Z","subjects":["Metallurgy."],"languages":["eng"],"rights":["MIT theses may be protected by copyright. Please reuse MIT thesis content according to the MIT Libraries Permissions Policy, which is available through the URL provided."],"rights_urls":["http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/7582"],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/138709","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.department","label":"Department","values":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Metallurgy","MatSci"]},{"key":"dc:contributor.other","label":"Dc Contributor Other","values":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 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Please reuse MIT thesis content according to the MIT Libraries Permissions Policy, which is available through the URL provided."]},{"key":"dc:rights.uri","label":"Rights URI","values":["http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/7582"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/138709"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["Thesis: B.S., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Metallurgy, 1958","Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.","Includes bibliographical references (leaf 18)."]},{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["An investigation was made to determine the effects of various mold variables on the surface condition of CA-15 alloy steel castings. This alloy often suffers from a peculiar defect known as measles, and an attempt was made to determine what reactions at the old-metal interface cause this defect. To this end, small cylindrical pins were rammed in sand molds and heated or melted in a small induction furnace. The type of sand and clay used were held constant while various atmospheres were provided in the mold flask. It was found that samples heated to 50°C below the melting point in an oxidizing atmosphere showed the characteristic measles defect encountered in casting CA-15 alloy in green sand molds. Samples melted, cooled to 50°C below the melting point, and held at that temperature in an oxidizing atmosphere showed a combination of the two defects. It was found that the measles defect is due to a liquid state reaction in which the chromium in the melt is oxidized to Cr₂O₃·Fe₂O₃ and Cr₂O₃·FeO. The mechanism was found to be akin to a pitting form of corrosion. The oxidizing atmosphere is provided by moisture in the molding material and carbon dioxide formed by the combustion of organic binders."]},{"key":"dc:description.degree","label":"Dc Description Degree","values":["B.S."]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["The measles defect in CA-15 alloy steel castings"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor.department":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Metallurgy","MatSci"],"dc:contributor.other":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Metallurgy."],"dc:creator":["Fraunhofer, Harold G."],"dc:date.accessioned":["2021-12-17T18:47:13Z"],"dc:date.available":["2021-12-17T18:47:13Z"],"dc:date.issued":["1958"],"dc:description":["Thesis: B.S., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Metallurgy, 1958","Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.","Includes bibliographical references (leaf 18)."],"dc:description.abstract":["An investigation was made to determine the effects of various mold variables on the surface condition of CA-15 alloy steel castings. This alloy often suffers from a peculiar defect known as measles, and an attempt was made to determine what reactions at the old-metal interface cause this defect. To this end, small cylindrical pins were rammed in sand molds and heated or melted in a small induction furnace. The type of sand and clay used were held constant while various atmospheres were provided in the mold flask. It was found that samples heated to 50°C below the melting point in an oxidizing atmosphere showed the characteristic measles defect encountered in casting CA-15 alloy in green sand molds. Samples melted, cooled to 50°C below the melting point, and held at that temperature in an oxidizing atmosphere showed a combination of the two defects. It was found that the measles defect is due to a liquid state reaction in which the chromium in the melt is oxidized to Cr₂O₃·Fe₂O₃ and Cr₂O₃·FeO. The mechanism was found to be akin to a pitting form of corrosion. The oxidizing atmosphere is provided by moisture in the molding material and carbon dioxide formed by the combustion of organic binders."],"dc:description.degree":["B.S."],"dc:identifier.uri":["https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/138709"],"dc:language.iso":["eng"],"dc:publisher":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology"],"dc:rights":["MIT theses may be protected by copyright. Please reuse MIT thesis content according to the MIT Libraries Permissions Policy, which is available through the URL provided."],"dc:rights.uri":["http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/7582"],"dc:subject":["Metallurgy."],"dc:title":["The measles defect in CA-15 alloy steel castings"],"dc:type":["Academic theses.","Thesis"],"thesis:degree_name":["Bachelor"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:21:47Z"}