Is embedding the reactor building below grade a cost-effective proposition?

The construction cost of reactor buildings has escalated substantially over time primarily for three reasons. First, new safety requirements, such as the post-9/11 airplane crash measures, have been imposed. Second, labor rates for construction workers and the cost of raw materials such as steel for rebar and cement for concrete have increased. Third, the deployment of new plant designs, such as AP1000 (Advanced Pressurized 1000 MWe Reactor) and EPR (European Pressurized Reactor), has been plagued by first-of-a-kind challenges and a general loss of construction know-how by the nuclear industry in the U.S and Western Europe. Embedding the reactor building below grade is a potential approach to reducing the construction cost of new plants, be they large LWRs (Light Water Reactors), SMRs (Small Modular Reactors) or Generation-IV designs. There are important trade-offs. Embedment of a reactor building requires a much larger excavation effort than is necessary for above-grade plants. However, embedded buildings have lower loads during an earthquake or an airplane crash, thus requiring a lot less reinforcement. The cost of the building itself can therefore be significantly lower. In this thesis we analyze various modularized, silo-type reactor buildings (i.e., the type used, for example, in GEH's (General Electric Hitachi) BWRX-300 (Boiling Water Reactor X-300) design) for a set of reference seismic loads at sites with both soil and rock stratigraphy. The comparison includes a completely embedded design, a partially-embedded design and an above-ground design. The level of reinforcement required is determined from FEM (Finite Element Method) analysis of the building, and the cost of constructing the buildings is estimated from productivity data, labor rates and materials costs obtained from industry sources. This leads to the finding that there are some building layouts and sites where there is a potential cost reduction in embedment.

Name thesis:degree_name

Master

Department dc:contributor.department

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering

Grantor dc:publisher

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Year dc:date.issued

2020

Author dc:creator

• Velez, Enrique(Velez Lopez)

Advisor dc:contributor.advisor

• Herbert Einstein and Jacopo Buongiorno.

• Civil and Environmental Engineering.
• Nuclear Science and Engineering.

Statement dc:rights

• MIT theses may be protected by copyright. Please reuse MIT thesis content according to the MIT Libraries Permissions Policy, which is available through the URL provided.

Licence dc:rights.uri

• http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/7582

Language dc:language.iso

eng

Handle dc:identifier.uri

https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/129930

OAI identifier oai:identifier

oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/129930