Reverse genetic approaches reveal gene redundancy in Arabidopsis anthers

When aquatic plants migrated to land 500 million years ago, they were met with harsh conditions associated with terrestrial life, such as dry air, high radiance light, and high effective gravity. Early plants of this time period underwent rapid evolution to develop novel plant traits to mitigate these challenges - these traits remain highly conserved in modern land plants. Among the most important of these traits is the biosynthesis of a unique polymer known as sporopollenin, which protects the vulnerable plant spore and pollen grain. Sporopollenin is considered to be the toughest known biopolymer and although chemists and botanists have studied this remarkable material for over a century, relatively little is known about sporopollenin compared to other major plant biopolymers. In this thesis, I employ reverse genetic approaches to identify novel Arabidopsis genes that are responsible for sporopollenin biosynthesis. With these methods, I identify a previously unstudied gene, hereby known as IPE2 , which acts redundantly with IPE1 in the synthesis of sporopollenin. Additionally, I identify two unstudied peroxidases, PRX9 and PRX40 , which are also redundant and critical for pollen development, although these are not involved in sporopollenin and instead crosslink cell wall extensin proteins. These works enhance our understanding of the pollen wall and of pollen development. Moreover, this work reveals the untapped potential of reverse genetics to predict redundant relationships between paralogs in well-studied model organisms.

Name thesis:degree_name

Doctoral

Department dc:contributor.department

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biology

Grantor dc:publisher

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Year dc:date.issued

2020

Author dc:creator

• Jacobowitz, Joseph(Joseph R.)

Advisor dc:contributor.advisor

• Jing-Ke Weng.

• Biology.

Statement dc:rights

• MIT theses may be protected by copyright. Please reuse MIT thesis content according to the MIT Libraries Permissions Policy, which is available through the URL provided.

Licence dc:rights.uri

• http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/7582

Language dc:language.iso

eng

Handle dc:identifier.uri

https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/129041

OAI identifier oai:identifier

oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/129041