Islam, exclusivity, and the state in France

This dissertation examines why individuals believe that their religious identity is incompatible with mainstream identities. Using the case of Islam in France, I demonstrate that government engagement with marginalized immigrant-origin communities plays a central role in influencing these beliefs, which I term religious exclusivity. I examine whether, why, and which type of government engagement matters, both historically and today, highlighting the central role of group identity and religious community structures and norms. I demonstrate that positive (negative) engagement decreases (increases) religious exclusivity and that this relationship is mediated by religious community structures. Beyond this, I show that positive government engagement is most effective in decreasing religious exclusivity when religious groups are not used as mediators in engaging with marginalized populations. These relationships are driven both by governments' provision of material benefits as well as the impact of government actions on perceptions of group rejection. I base this theory on nearly two years of ethnographic fieldwork across France, including visits to 130 French towns and over 200 in-depth interviews. The hypotheses are tested with causal designs and computational methods using innovative data sources, including social media responses to terror attacks, online town reviews, and a novel dataset of religious community structures. This examination is essential to understanding when and why religion conflicts versus cooperates with the state; it is also integral to discussions of how religion and identity interact with integration, radicalization, social cohesion, and conflict.

Name thesis:degree_name

Doctoral

Department dc:contributor.department

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Political Science

Grantor dc:publisher

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Year dc:date.issued

2019

Author dc:creator

• Dekeyser, Elizabeth(Elizabeth A.)

Advisor dc:contributor.advisor

• Kathleen Thelen.

• Political Science.

Statement dc:rights

• MIT theses are protected by copyright. They may be viewed, downloaded, or printed from this source but further reproduction or distribution in any format is prohibited without written permission.

Licence dc:rights.uri

• http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/7582

Language dc:language.iso

eng

Handle dc:identifier.uri

https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/124276

OAI identifier oai:identifier

oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/124276