{"id":{"repo_id":"mit","oai_identifier":"oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/122096"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/mit/oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/122096","repository":{"repo_id":"mit","name":"MIT","base_url":"https://dspace.mit.edu/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"Evaluating electricity generation expansion planning in Ghana","abstract":"Ghana, a West African nation of 28 million people, provides an interesting case study on the interaction between power supply and politics in emerging economies. From 2012-2016, due to security of supply issues around hydro and fuel supplies, Ghana experienced the worst power crisis in its history with regular rolling blackouts. Rural and low-income urban areas and businesses were especially affected, and public discontent was palpable. The government's response was a reactive approach to generation expansion planning, focused on increasing supply. Power generation was opened up to the private sector and emergency power plants were procured. 93 percent of capacity installed during this post-crisis period was thermal generation, which increased dependence on natural gas and crude oil. Overall, this power crisis highlighted the cost of overlooking reliability and an undiversified generation mix.","abstract_html":"Ghana, a West African nation of 28 million people, provides an interesting case study on the interaction between power supply and politics in emerging economies. From 2012-2016, due to security of supply issues around hydro and fuel supplies, Ghana experienced the worst power crisis in its history with regular rolling blackouts. Rural and low-income urban areas and businesses were especially affected, and public discontent was palpable. The government's response was a reactive approach to generation expansion planning, focused on increasing supply. Power generation was opened up to the private sector and emergency power plants were procured. 93 percent of capacity installed during this post-crisis period was thermal generation, which increased dependence on natural gas and crude oil. Overall, this power crisis highlighted the cost of overlooking reliability and an undiversified generation mix.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Gadzanku, Sika."],"institution":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","degree_name":"Master","degree_level":null,"degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Institute for Data, Systems, and Society","school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":["Jennifer Morris and Karen Tapia-Ahumada."],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2019,"date_issued":"2019","date_published":"2019","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:22:07Z","subjects":["Institute for Data, Systems, and Society.","Technology and Policy Program."],"languages":["eng"],"rights":["MIT theses are protected by copyright. They may be viewed, downloaded, or printed from this source but further reproduction or distribution in any format is prohibited without written permission."],"rights_urls":["http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/7582"],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/122096","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.advisor","label":"Advisor","values":["Jennifer Morris and Karen Tapia-Ahumada."]},{"key":"dc:contributor.department","label":"Department","values":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Institute for Data, Systems, and Society","ESD","Technology and Policy Program","IDSS","Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Engineering Systems Division"]},{"key":"dc:contributor.other","label":"Dc Contributor Other","values":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Institute for Data, Systems, and Society.","Technology and Policy Program."]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Gadzanku, Sika."]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.accessioned","label":"Dc Date Accessioned","values":["2019-09-16T18:17:25Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2019-09-16T18:17:25Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["2019"]},{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Institute for Data, Systems, and Society.","Technology and Policy Program."]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language.iso","label":"Language (ISO)","values":["eng"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["MIT theses are protected by copyright. They may be viewed, downloaded, or printed from this source but further reproduction or distribution in any format is prohibited without written permission."]},{"key":"dc:rights.uri","label":"Rights URI","values":["http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/7582"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/122096"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.","Thesis: S.M. in Technology and Policy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, 2019","Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.","Includes bibliographical references (pages 157-166)."]},{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Ghana, a West African nation of 28 million people, provides an interesting case study on the interaction between power supply and politics in emerging economies. From 2012-2016, due to security of supply issues around hydro and fuel supplies, Ghana experienced the worst power crisis in its history with regular rolling blackouts. Rural and low-income urban areas and businesses were especially affected, and public discontent was palpable. The government's response was a reactive approach to generation expansion planning, focused on increasing supply. Power generation was opened up to the private sector and emergency power plants were procured. 93 percent of capacity installed during this post-crisis period was thermal generation, which increased dependence on natural gas and crude oil. Overall, this power crisis highlighted the cost of overlooking reliability and an undiversified generation mix.","I adapted a modeling framework to study Ghana's power generation system and I use a bottom-up capacity expansion and economic dispatch model to explore generation expansion pathways in the country under different settings, with the goal of providing insights into Ghana's capacity expansion decisions and identifying strategies that can help ensure better reliability and resiliency. Secondly, I use qualitative methods to evaluate Ghana's electricity infrastructure project financing framework to discuss how project financing shapes technology choices. I then explore potential policy and legal instruments that could support more robust systems planning in Ghana's electricity generation sector. Results reveal that a future power crisis is very likely given the high sensitivity of system reliability and resilience to natural gas and crude oil supply, global energy prices and transmission constraints.","Strategies that could help avoid a future crisis include diversifying the generation mix, adding flexible generation (such as pumped hydro) to the mix, increasing transmission, and increasing the stability of fuel supply. This requires a holistic and coordinated approach to electricity planning between financial, technical, technological and political actors in the power generation sector."]},{"key":"dc:description.degree","label":"Dc Description Degree","values":["S.M. in Technology and Policy"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Evaluating electricity generation expansion planning in Ghana"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor.advisor":["Jennifer Morris and Karen Tapia-Ahumada."],"dc:contributor.department":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Institute for Data, Systems, and Society","ESD","Technology and Policy Program","IDSS","Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Engineering Systems Division"],"dc:contributor.other":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Institute for Data, Systems, and Society.","Technology and Policy Program."],"dc:creator":["Gadzanku, Sika."],"dc:date.accessioned":["2019-09-16T18:17:25Z"],"dc:date.available":["2019-09-16T18:17:25Z"],"dc:date.issued":["2019"],"dc:description":["This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.","Thesis: S.M. in Technology and Policy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, 2019","Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.","Includes bibliographical references (pages 157-166)."],"dc:description.abstract":["Ghana, a West African nation of 28 million people, provides an interesting case study on the interaction between power supply and politics in emerging economies. From 2012-2016, due to security of supply issues around hydro and fuel supplies, Ghana experienced the worst power crisis in its history with regular rolling blackouts. Rural and low-income urban areas and businesses were especially affected, and public discontent was palpable. The government's response was a reactive approach to generation expansion planning, focused on increasing supply. Power generation was opened up to the private sector and emergency power plants were procured. 93 percent of capacity installed during this post-crisis period was thermal generation, which increased dependence on natural gas and crude oil. Overall, this power crisis highlighted the cost of overlooking reliability and an undiversified generation mix.","I adapted a modeling framework to study Ghana's power generation system and I use a bottom-up capacity expansion and economic dispatch model to explore generation expansion pathways in the country under different settings, with the goal of providing insights into Ghana's capacity expansion decisions and identifying strategies that can help ensure better reliability and resiliency. Secondly, I use qualitative methods to evaluate Ghana's electricity infrastructure project financing framework to discuss how project financing shapes technology choices. I then explore potential policy and legal instruments that could support more robust systems planning in Ghana's electricity generation sector. Results reveal that a future power crisis is very likely given the high sensitivity of system reliability and resilience to natural gas and crude oil supply, global energy prices and transmission constraints.","Strategies that could help avoid a future crisis include diversifying the generation mix, adding flexible generation (such as pumped hydro) to the mix, increasing transmission, and increasing the stability of fuel supply. This requires a holistic and coordinated approach to electricity planning between financial, technical, technological and political actors in the power generation sector."],"dc:description.degree":["S.M. in Technology and Policy"],"dc:identifier.uri":["https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/122096"],"dc:language.iso":["eng"],"dc:publisher":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology"],"dc:rights":["MIT theses are protected by copyright. They may be viewed, downloaded, or printed from this source but further reproduction or distribution in any format is prohibited without written permission."],"dc:rights.uri":["http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/7582"],"dc:subject":["Institute for Data, Systems, and Society.","Technology and Policy Program."],"dc:title":["Evaluating electricity generation expansion planning in Ghana"],"dc:type":["Thesis"],"thesis:degree_name":["Master"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:22:07Z"}