{"id":{"repo_id":"mit","oai_identifier":"oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/119566"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/mit/oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/119566","repository":{"repo_id":"mit","name":"MIT","base_url":"https://dspace.mit.edu/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"Current-based force input / output control for novel haptic interaction using the inFORCE shape display","abstract":"Shape changing interfaces have been become influential in the field of human-computer interaction. Their purpose is to give digital data a physical and tangible form, allowing for richer depths of interaction. However, though shape changing interfaces have generally been excellent in allowing digital data to take a tangible form, they have yet been unable to simulate many sorts of higher dimensions of the data. We propose inFORCE as an extension upon current generation shape displays. inFORCE is a force-responsive shape display with the ability for force input and output. This force-responsive capability opens up novel and exciting methods of haptic interaction. We developed a current-based force-sensing method using inFORCE without the use of force sensors. With this, we develop various applications of the inFORCE system, including object materiality emulation, multi-dimensional data representation, musical instrument simulation, and more. Lastly, we provide a framework for the flexible development of new applications using the inFORCE system.","abstract_html":"Shape changing interfaces have been become influential in the field of human-computer interaction. Their purpose is to give digital data a physical and tangible form, allowing for richer depths of interaction. However, though shape changing interfaces have generally been excellent in allowing digital data to take a tangible form, they have yet been unable to simulate many sorts of higher dimensions of the data. We propose inFORCE as an extension upon current generation shape displays. inFORCE is a force-responsive shape display with the ability for force input and output. This force-responsive capability opens up novel and exciting methods of haptic interaction. We developed a current-based force-sensing method using inFORCE without the use of force sensors. With this, we develop various applications of the inFORCE system, including object materiality emulation, multi-dimensional data representation, musical instrument simulation, and more. Lastly, we provide a framework for the flexible development of new applications using the inFORCE system.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Ma, Zhiyao (Zhiyao John)"],"institution":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","degree_name":null,"degree_level":null,"degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science.","school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":["Hiroshi Ishii."],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2018,"date_issued":"2018","date_published":"2018","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:21:41Z","subjects":["Electrical Engineering and Computer Science."],"languages":["eng"],"rights":["MIT theses are protected by copyright. They may be viewed, downloaded, or printed from this source but further reproduction or distribution in any format is prohibited without written permission."],"rights_urls":["http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/7582"],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/119566","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.advisor","label":"Advisor","values":["Hiroshi Ishii."]},{"key":"dc:contributor.department","label":"Department","values":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science."]},{"key":"dc:contributor.other","label":"Dc Contributor Other","values":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 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They may be viewed, downloaded, or printed from this source but further reproduction or distribution in any format is prohibited without written permission."]},{"key":"dc:rights.uri","label":"Rights URI","values":["http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/7582"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/119566"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["Thesis: M. Eng., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2018.","This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.","Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.","Includes bibliographical references (pages 54-57)."]},{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Shape changing interfaces have been become influential in the field of human-computer interaction. Their purpose is to give digital data a physical and tangible form, allowing for richer depths of interaction. However, though shape changing interfaces have generally been excellent in allowing digital data to take a tangible form, they have yet been unable to simulate many sorts of higher dimensions of the data. We propose inFORCE as an extension upon current generation shape displays. inFORCE is a force-responsive shape display with the ability for force input and output. This force-responsive capability opens up novel and exciting methods of haptic interaction. We developed a current-based force-sensing method using inFORCE without the use of force sensors. With this, we develop various applications of the inFORCE system, including object materiality emulation, multi-dimensional data representation, musical instrument simulation, and more. Lastly, we provide a framework for the flexible development of new applications using the inFORCE system."]},{"key":"dc:description.degree","label":"Dc Description Degree","values":["M. Eng."]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Current-based force input / output control for novel haptic interaction using the inFORCE shape display"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor.advisor":["Hiroshi Ishii."],"dc:contributor.department":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science."],"dc:contributor.other":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science."],"dc:creator":["Ma, Zhiyao (Zhiyao John)"],"dc:date.accessioned":["2018-12-11T20:40:23Z"],"dc:date.available":["2018-12-11T20:40:23Z"],"dc:date.issued":["2018"],"dc:description":["Thesis: M. Eng., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2018.","This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.","Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.","Includes bibliographical references (pages 54-57)."],"dc:description.abstract":["Shape changing interfaces have been become influential in the field of human-computer interaction. Their purpose is to give digital data a physical and tangible form, allowing for richer depths of interaction. However, though shape changing interfaces have generally been excellent in allowing digital data to take a tangible form, they have yet been unable to simulate many sorts of higher dimensions of the data. We propose inFORCE as an extension upon current generation shape displays. inFORCE is a force-responsive shape display with the ability for force input and output. This force-responsive capability opens up novel and exciting methods of haptic interaction. We developed a current-based force-sensing method using inFORCE without the use of force sensors. With this, we develop various applications of the inFORCE system, including object materiality emulation, multi-dimensional data representation, musical instrument simulation, and more. Lastly, we provide a framework for the flexible development of new applications using the inFORCE system."],"dc:description.degree":["M. 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