Measurements and dynamics of multiple scale bedforms in tidally energetic environments

The presence of superimposed bedforms, where smaller bedforms exist on larger bedforms, is ubiquitous to energetic tidal environments. Due to their wide range in scale, it is difficult to simultaneously observe these features over tidal timescales. This thesis examines the morphological response of superimposed bedforms to a tidally reversing flow using novel instrumentation and platform systems. A method is outlined in chapter 2 to expand the functionality of low-mounted sidescan sonars by utilizing sonar shadows to estimate bedform height and asymmetry. Empirical models are generated to account for realistic variability in the seabed and the method is validated with bathymetric observations of wave-orbital ripples and tidally reversing megaripples. Given the high temporal and spatial resolution of seafloor frame mounted rotary sidescan sonars, the dynamics and evolution of the bedforms over an approximately 40 m x 40 m area can be resolved. In chapter 3 the method is applied to data of superimposed bedforms at Wasque Shoals, an ebb delta off the southeast corner of Martha's Vineyard, MA. These data reveal the small, superimposed bedforms reversing their asymmetry with the flow while the larger bedforms on which they reside remain oriented in the direction of the dominant flow. Similar bedform dynamics are observed at Nauset Inlet, a dynamic inlet system, on Cape Cod, MA using an autonomous jet-powered kayak, the Jetyak, equipped with a bathymetric swath sonar. The time needed for bedform asymmetry to reverse in the presence of a tidal flow was estimated with a geometric bedform model that incorporates an empirical sediment transport rate. The morphological lag time from the observations agree well with the geometric model with larger bedforms and slower flows resulting in a longer lag time. Finally, the migration of these superimposed bedforms is considered in chapter 4. Data from the rotary sidescan sonar at Wasque Shoals capture the interaction of smaller bedforms, or megaripples, with a dune. The net convergence of megaripples on the tidally dominate lee face of the dune suggests that the smaller bedforms serve as an intermediate step between grain-scale transport processes and larger scale dune migration.

Department dc:contributor.department

Joint Program in Applied Ocean Physics and Engineering

Grantor dc:publisher

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Year dc:date.issued

2018

Author dc:creator

• Jones, Katie Renae

Advisor dc:contributor.advisor

• Peter Traykovski.

• Joint Program in Applied Ocean Science and Engineering.
• Mechanical Engineering.
• Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.

Statement dc:rights

• MIT theses are protected by copyright. They may be viewed, downloaded, or printed from this source but further reproduction or distribution in any format is prohibited without written permission.

Licence dc:rights.uri

• http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/7582

Language dc:language.iso

eng

Handle dc:identifier.uri

http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/118708

OAI identifier oai:identifier

oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/118708