Assessing the effects of ethanol addition on particulate matter emissions in GDI engines

Previous research on the effects of ethanol addition on particulate matter (PM) emissions in GDI engines show diverse results. In this thesis, an overview on three major aspects, PM formation, effects of engine operating conditions, and ethanol effects, unveils the large number of factors that can simultaneously affect PM emissions from gasoline-ethanol blends in GDI engines, partially explaining the reasons for the diverse results from previous research. A further experimental work was conducted to assess three potential ethanol effects, displacement effect, evaporative cooling effect, and oxygen content effect. The displacement effect is based on PM Index (PMI) in the literature. Ethanol has very low PMI and thus very low propensity to form PM. Therefore, the addition of ethanol replaces the high-PMI components in the gasoline, lowering PM emissions. Although the PMI value incorporates species reactivity and volatility, it does not take latent heat of vaporization (HOV) into account. The high HOV of ethanol suppresses the fuel evaporation and potentially causes more liquid fuel films, which serve as sources for PM emissions. This evaporative cooling effect was assessed along with the oxygen content effect, a widely used effect in the literature to explain why ethanol lowers PM emissions. Through the method of control variables, the displacement effect and oxygen content effect were separated out and could be assessed individually. The existence of the displacement effect was confirmed. It was also found that the oxygen content effect was negligible, while the evaporative cooling effect changed PN emission significantly. The extent of the evaporative cooling effect depended on operating conditions, such as fuel injection timing, engine coolant temperature, and load.

Department dc:contributor.department

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Mechanical Engineering

Grantor dc:publisher

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Year dc:date.issued

2018

Author dc:creator

• Zhang, Yihao(Mechanical engineer)

Advisor dc:contributor.advisor

• Wai K. Cheng.

• Mechanical Engineering.

Statement dc:rights

• MIT theses are protected by copyright. They may be viewed, downloaded, or printed from this source but further reproduction or distribution in any format is prohibited without written permission.

Licence dc:rights.uri

• http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/7582

Language dc:language.iso

eng

Handle dc:identifier.uri

http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/118678

OAI identifier oai:identifier

oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/118678