{"id":{"repo_id":"mit","oai_identifier":"oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/114125"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/mit/oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/114125","repository":{"repo_id":"mit","name":"MIT","base_url":"https://dspace.mit.edu/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"Ice and the apparent variation of GPS station positions for Alaska","abstract":"Most GPS stations in Alaska show apparent seasonal variations on the order of one centimeter. The majority of these stations move downwards throughout the winter, a motion which is in phase with regional snowfall and has been attributed to hydrological loading (Fu et. al., 2012). The range of phases across the state, however, spans half the year and does not correlate with snow patterns. Six stations show discontinuous seasonal variations on the order of 1-10cm. After examining the geography and windspeed at these sites, we conclude that at least three of them will accumulate rime ice during the winter, and that this ice can cause apparent upwards motions of the stations. This hypothesis is supported by seasonal variations in the stations' multipath values, which indicate increased signal scattering during the winter.","abstract_html":"Most GPS stations in Alaska show apparent seasonal variations on the order of one centimeter. The majority of these stations move downwards throughout the winter, a motion which is in phase with regional snowfall and has been attributed to hydrological loading (Fu et. al., 2012). The range of phases across the state, however, spans half the year and does not correlate with snow patterns. Six stations show discontinuous seasonal variations on the order of 1-10cm. After examining the geography and windspeed at these sites, we conclude that at least three of them will accumulate rime ice during the winter, and that this ice can cause apparent upwards motions of the stations. This hypothesis is supported by seasonal variations in the stations' multipath values, which indicate increased signal scattering during the winter.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Kochanski, Kelly Anne"],"institution":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","degree_name":null,"degree_level":null,"degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences.","school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":["Thomas Herring."],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2015,"date_issued":"2015","date_published":"2015","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:21:22Z","subjects":["Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences."],"languages":["eng"],"rights":["MIT theses are protected by copyright. They may be viewed, downloaded, or printed from this source but further reproduction or distribution in any format is prohibited without written permission."],"rights_urls":["http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/7582"],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/114125","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.advisor","label":"Advisor","values":["Thomas Herring."]},{"key":"dc:contributor.department","label":"Department","values":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences."]},{"key":"dc:contributor.other","label":"Dc Contributor Other","values":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences."]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Kochanski, Kelly Anne"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.accessioned","label":"Dc Date Accessioned","values":["2018-03-12T19:30:56Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2018-03-12T19:30:56Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["2015"]},{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences."]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language.iso","label":"Language (ISO)","values":["eng"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["MIT theses are protected by copyright. They may be viewed, downloaded, or printed from this source but further reproduction or distribution in any format is prohibited without written permission."]},{"key":"dc:rights.uri","label":"Rights URI","values":["http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/7582"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/114125"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["Thesis: S.B., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, 2015.","Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.","Includes bibliographical references (pages 49-50)."]},{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Most GPS stations in Alaska show apparent seasonal variations on the order of one centimeter. The majority of these stations move downwards throughout the winter, a motion which is in phase with regional snowfall and has been attributed to hydrological loading (Fu et. al., 2012). The range of phases across the state, however, spans half the year and does not correlate with snow patterns. Six stations show discontinuous seasonal variations on the order of 1-10cm. After examining the geography and windspeed at these sites, we conclude that at least three of them will accumulate rime ice during the winter, and that this ice can cause apparent upwards motions of the stations. This hypothesis is supported by seasonal variations in the stations' multipath values, which indicate increased signal scattering during the winter."]},{"key":"dc:description.degree","label":"Dc Description Degree","values":["S.B."]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Ice and the apparent variation of GPS station positions for Alaska"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor.advisor":["Thomas Herring."],"dc:contributor.department":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences."],"dc:contributor.other":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences."],"dc:creator":["Kochanski, Kelly Anne"],"dc:date.accessioned":["2018-03-12T19:30:56Z"],"dc:date.available":["2018-03-12T19:30:56Z"],"dc:date.issued":["2015"],"dc:description":["Thesis: S.B., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, 2015.","Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.","Includes bibliographical references (pages 49-50)."],"dc:description.abstract":["Most GPS stations in Alaska show apparent seasonal variations on the order of one centimeter. The majority of these stations move downwards throughout the winter, a motion which is in phase with regional snowfall and has been attributed to hydrological loading (Fu et. al., 2012). The range of phases across the state, however, spans half the year and does not correlate with snow patterns. Six stations show discontinuous seasonal variations on the order of 1-10cm. After examining the geography and windspeed at these sites, we conclude that at least three of them will accumulate rime ice during the winter, and that this ice can cause apparent upwards motions of the stations. This hypothesis is supported by seasonal variations in the stations' multipath values, which indicate increased signal scattering during the winter."],"dc:description.degree":["S.B."],"dc:identifier.uri":["http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/114125"],"dc:language.iso":["eng"],"dc:publisher":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology"],"dc:rights":["MIT theses are protected by copyright. They may be viewed, downloaded, or printed from this source but further reproduction or distribution in any format is prohibited without written permission."],"dc:rights.uri":["http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/7582"],"dc:subject":["Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences."],"dc:title":["Ice and the apparent variation of GPS station positions for Alaska"],"dc:type":["Thesis"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:21:22Z"}