Multiphase flow in porous media: the impact of capillarity and wettability from field-scale to pore-scale

Multiphase flow in the context of this Thesis refers to the simultaneous flow of immiscible fluids. It differs significantly from single-phase flow due to the existence of fluid-fluid interfaces, which are subject to capillary forces. Multiphase flow in porous media is important in many natural and industrial processes, including geologic carbon dioxide (CO₂) sequestration, enhanced oil recovery, and water infiltration into soil. Despite its importance, much of our current description of multiphase flow in porous media is based on semi-empirical extensions of single-phase flow theories, which miss key physical mechanisms that are unique to multiphase systems. One challenging aspect of solving this problem is visualization-flow typically occurs inside opaque media and hence eludes direct observation. Another challenging aspect of multiphase flow in porous media is that it encompasses a wide spectrum of length scales-while capillary force is active at the pore-scale (on the order of microns), it can have a significant impact at the field-scale (on the order of kilometers). In this Thesis, we employ novel laboratory experiments and mathematical modeling to study multiphase flow in porous media across scales. The field-scale portion of this Thesis focuses on gravity-driven flows in the subsurface, with an emphasis on application to geological CO₂ storage. We find that capillary forces can slow and stop the migration of a CO₂ plume. The meso-scale portion of this Thesis demonstrates the powerful control of wettability on multiphase flow in porous media, which is manifested in the markedly different invasion protocols that emerge when one fluid displaces another in a patterned microfluidic cell. The pore-scale portion of this Thesis focuses on the impact of wettability on fluid-fluid displacement inside a capillary tube. We show that the contact line movement is strongly affected by wettability, even in regimes where viscous forces dominate capillary forces.

Department dc:contributor.department

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering.

Grantor dc:publisher

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Year dc:date.issued

2017

Author dc:creator

• Zhao, Benzhong

Advisor dc:contributor.advisor

• Ruben Juanes.

• Civil and Environmental Engineering.

Statement dc:rights

• MIT theses are protected by copyright. They may be viewed, downloaded, or printed from this source but further reproduction or distribution in any format is prohibited without written permission.

Licence dc:rights.uri

• http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/7582

Language dc:language.iso

eng

Handle dc:identifier.uri

http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/109644

OAI identifier oai:identifier

oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/109644