Internet of Things and anomaly detection for the iron ore mining industry

In the context of a world flooded with data, the Internet of Things (IoT) is exploding. This thesis considers the problem of applying IoT technology to the reduction of costs in the iron ore mining industry, to compensate for the iron ore price slumping observed over the past years. More specifically, we focused on improving the quality of the output in a data-driven iron ore concentration factory. In this plant, mined iron ore goes through a series of complex physical and chemical transformations so as to increase the concentration in iron and reduce the concentration in impurities such as silica. In this thesis, we developed an IoT infrastructure comprising of machines, a network of sensors, a database, a random forest prediction model, an algorithm for adjusting its cutoff parameter dynamically, and a predictive maintenance algorithm. It can preventively detect and maybe fix poor quality events in the iron ore concentration factory, improving the overall quality and decreasing costs. The random forest model was selected among other anomaly detection techniques. It is able, on an independent test data set, with an AUC of about 0.92, to detect 90% of the poor quality events, with a false positive rate of 23.02%, lowered by the dynamic cutoff algorithm. These methods can be applied to any factory in any industry, as long as it has a good infrastructure of sensors, providing sufficiently precise and frequent data.

Department dc:contributor.department

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Operations Research Center.

Grantor dc:publisher

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Year dc:date.issued

2016

Author dc:creator

• Saroufim, Carl Elie

Advisor dc:contributor.advisor

• David Simchi-Levi.

• Operations Research Center.

Statement dc:rights

• M.I.T. theses are protected by copyright. They may be viewed from this source for any purpose, but reproduction or distribution in any format is prohibited without written permission. See provided URL for inquiries about permission.

Licence dc:rights.uri

• http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/7582

Language dc:language.iso

eng

Handle dc:identifier.uri

http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/104999

OAI identifier oai:identifier

oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/104999