Models and algorithms of brain connectivity, spatial sparsity, and temporal dynamics for the MEG/EEG inverse problem

Magnetoencephalography (MEG) and electroencephalography (EEG) are noninvasive functional neuroimaging techniques that provide high temporal resolution recordings of brain activity, offering a unique means to study fast neural dynamics in humans. Localizing the sources of brain activity from MEG/EEG is an ill-posed inverse problem, with no unique solution in the absence of additional information. In this dissertation I analyze how solutions to the MEG/EEG inverse problem can be improved by including information about temporal dynamics of brain activity and connectivity within and among brain regions. The contributions of my thesis are: 1) I develop a dynamic algorithm for source localization that uses local connectivity information and Empirical Bayes estimates to improve source localization performance (Chapter 1). This result led me to investigate the underlying theoretical principles that might explain the performance improvement observed in simulations and by analyzing experimental data. In my analysis, 2) I demonstrate theoretically how the inclusion of local connectivity information and basic source dynamics can greatly increase the number of sources that can be recovered from MEG/EEG data (Chapter 2). Finally, in order to include long distance connectivity information, 3) I develop a fast multi-scale dynamic source estimation algorithm based on the Subspace Pursuit and Kalman Filter algorithms that incorporates brain connectivity information derived from diffusion MRI (Chapter 3). Overall, I illustrate how dynamic models informed by neurophysiology and neuroanatomy can be used alongside advanced statistical and signal processing methods to greatly improve MEG/EEG source localization. More broadly, this work provides an example of how advanced modeling and algorithm development can be used to address difficult problems in neuroscience and neuroimaging.

Department dc:contributor.department

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences.

Grantor dc:publisher

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Year dc:date.issued

2015

Author dc:creator

• Lamus Garcia Herreros, Camilo

Advisor dc:contributor.advisor

• Patrick L. Purdon and Emery N. Brown.

• Brain and Cognitive Sciences.

Statement dc:rights

• M.I.T. theses are protected by copyright. They may be viewed from this source for any purpose, but reproduction or distribution in any format is prohibited without written permission. See provided URL for inquiries about permission.

Licence dc:rights.uri

• http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/7582

Language dc:language.iso

eng

Handle dc:identifier.uri

http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/103160

OAI identifier oai:identifier

oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/103160