{"id":{"repo_id":"missouri","oai_identifier":"oai:mospace.umsystem.edu:10355/44345"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/missouri/oai:mospace.umsystem.edu:10355/44345","repository":{"repo_id":"missouri","name":"University of Missouri","base_url":"https://mospace.umsystem.edu/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"Polyurethane foams containing renewable castor oil replacement","abstract":"Polyurethane foams have a wide variety of commercial applications in daily life due to their unique advantages. Traditionally, polyurethane foams are made from petroleum-based polyols and isocyanates. Due to the shortage of fossil resources, renewable biobased materials are studied as alternatives to petroleum. In this project, castor oil was chosen as a renewable biobased polyol in order to replace the nonrenewable petroleum-based polyols. Water-blown rigid foams were made from polyols with different levels of castor oil replacement. For foams without castor oil and with 25% castor oil replacement, the effects of water added content were studied. Another group of foams made from a castor oil/ glycerol mixture were also prepared to investigate the effects of hydroxyl number. With the help of glycerol, rigid polyurethane foams with 80%-95% castor oil replacement were successfully prepared and showed competitive physical properties. Water-blown flexible foams were made from polyols using different levels of castor oil replacement. At the same time, the influence of cross-linker contents and isocyanate index on flexible foam was studied. Considering the low reaction rate of castor oil during the synthesis of polyurethane, a specific \"heated mold\" method was applied. Density, compression force deflection (CFD), 50% constant deflection compression (CDC), tear resistance (TR) and resilience were tested to identify the physical properties of flexible polyurethane foams. Results show that castor oil replacement often leads to a high cross-linking density. With 0.5% necessary cross-linker and low isocyanate index, flexible polyurethane foams with 100% castor oil replacement showed a good recovery property and proved to be a suitable alternative to nonrenewable petroleum-based polyols.","abstract_html":"Polyurethane foams have a wide variety of commercial applications in daily life due to their unique advantages. Traditionally, polyurethane foams are made from petroleum-based polyols and isocyanates. Due to the shortage of fossil resources, renewable biobased materials are studied as alternatives to petroleum. In this project, castor oil was chosen as a renewable biobased polyol in order to replace the nonrenewable petroleum-based polyols. Water-blown rigid foams were made from polyols with different levels of castor oil replacement. For foams without castor oil and with 25% castor oil replacement, the effects of water added content were studied. Another group of foams made from a castor oil/ glycerol mixture were also prepared to investigate the effects of hydroxyl number. With the help of glycerol, rigid polyurethane foams with 80%-95% castor oil replacement were successfully prepared and showed competitive physical properties. Water-blown flexible foams were made from polyols using different levels of castor oil replacement. At the same time, the influence of cross-linker contents and isocyanate index on flexible foam was studied. Considering the low reaction rate of castor oil during the synthesis of polyurethane, a specific "heated mold" method was applied. Density, compression force deflection (CFD), 50% constant deflection compression (CDC), tear resistance (TR) and resilience were tested to identify the physical properties of flexible polyurethane foams. Results show that castor oil replacement often leads to a high cross-linking density. With 0.5% necessary cross-linker and low isocyanate index, flexible polyurethane foams with 100% castor oil replacement showed a good recovery property and proved to be a suitable alternative to nonrenewable petroleum-based polyols.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Xing, Rui (Biological engineer)"],"institution":"University of Missouri--Columbia","degree_name":"M.S.","degree_level":"Masters","degree_discipline":"Biological engineering (MU)","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":["Hsieh, Fu-hung"],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2014,"date_issued":"2014","date_published":"2014","updated_at":"2026-07-24T03:07:24Z","subjects":["Author supplied: polyurethane, castor oil, biological processing"],"languages":["eng","English"],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.doi","label":"DOI","values":["https://doi.org/10.32469/10355/44345"],"render_values":[{"text":"https://doi.org/10.32469/10355/44345","href":"https://doi.org/10.32469/10355/44345","code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10355/44345","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.advisor","label":"Advisor","values":["Hsieh, Fu-hung"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Xing, Rui (Biological engineer)"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.accessioned","label":"Dc Date Accessioned","values":["2014-11-20T21:22:37Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2014-11-20T21:22:37Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["2014"]},{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["University of Missouri--Columbia"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Biological engineering (MU)"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Masters"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["M.S."]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["University of Missouri--Columbia"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Author supplied: polyurethane, castor oil, biological processing"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["English"]},{"key":"dc:language.iso","label":"Language (ISO)","values":["eng"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.doi","label":"DOI","values":["https://doi.org/10.32469/10355/44345"]},{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["https://hdl.handle.net/10355/44345"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["\"May 2014.\"","Thesis supervisor: Fu-hung Hsieh."]},{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Polyurethane foams have a wide variety of commercial applications in daily life due to their unique advantages. Traditionally, polyurethane foams are made from petroleum-based polyols and isocyanates. Due to the shortage of fossil resources, renewable biobased materials are studied as alternatives to petroleum. In this project, castor oil was chosen as a renewable biobased polyol in order to replace the nonrenewable petroleum-based polyols. Water-blown rigid foams were made from polyols with different levels of castor oil replacement. For foams without castor oil and with 25% castor oil replacement, the effects of water added content were studied. Another group of foams made from a castor oil/ glycerol mixture were also prepared to investigate the effects of hydroxyl number. With the help of glycerol, rigid polyurethane foams with 80%-95% castor oil replacement were successfully prepared and showed competitive physical properties. Water-blown flexible foams were made from polyols using different levels of castor oil replacement. At the same time, the influence of cross-linker contents and isocyanate index on flexible foam was studied. Considering the low reaction rate of castor oil during the synthesis of polyurethane, a specific \"heated mold\" method was applied. Density, compression force deflection (CFD), 50% constant deflection compression (CDC), tear resistance (TR) and resilience were tested to identify the physical properties of flexible polyurethane foams. Results show that castor oil replacement often leads to a high cross-linking density. With 0.5% necessary cross-linker and low isocyanate index, flexible polyurethane foams with 100% castor oil replacement showed a good recovery property and proved to be a suitable alternative to nonrenewable petroleum-based polyols."]},{"key":"dc:source","label":"Dc Source","values":["Submitted by University of Missouri--Columbia Graduate School."]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Polyurethane foams containing renewable castor oil replacement"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor.advisor":["Hsieh, Fu-hung"],"dc:creator":["Xing, Rui (Biological engineer)"],"dc:date.accessioned":["2014-11-20T21:22:37Z"],"dc:date.available":["2014-11-20T21:22:37Z"],"dc:date.issued":["2014"],"dc:description":["\"May 2014.\"","Thesis supervisor: Fu-hung Hsieh."],"dc:description.abstract":["Polyurethane foams have a wide variety of commercial applications in daily life due to their unique advantages. Traditionally, polyurethane foams are made from petroleum-based polyols and isocyanates. Due to the shortage of fossil resources, renewable biobased materials are studied as alternatives to petroleum. In this project, castor oil was chosen as a renewable biobased polyol in order to replace the nonrenewable petroleum-based polyols. Water-blown rigid foams were made from polyols with different levels of castor oil replacement. For foams without castor oil and with 25% castor oil replacement, the effects of water added content were studied. Another group of foams made from a castor oil/ glycerol mixture were also prepared to investigate the effects of hydroxyl number. With the help of glycerol, rigid polyurethane foams with 80%-95% castor oil replacement were successfully prepared and showed competitive physical properties. Water-blown flexible foams were made from polyols using different levels of castor oil replacement. At the same time, the influence of cross-linker contents and isocyanate index on flexible foam was studied. Considering the low reaction rate of castor oil during the synthesis of polyurethane, a specific \"heated mold\" method was applied. Density, compression force deflection (CFD), 50% constant deflection compression (CDC), tear resistance (TR) and resilience were tested to identify the physical properties of flexible polyurethane foams. Results show that castor oil replacement often leads to a high cross-linking density. With 0.5% necessary cross-linker and low isocyanate index, flexible polyurethane foams with 100% castor oil replacement showed a good recovery property and proved to be a suitable alternative to nonrenewable petroleum-based polyols."],"dc:identifier.doi":["https://doi.org/10.32469/10355/44345"],"dc:identifier.uri":["https://hdl.handle.net/10355/44345"],"dc:language":["English"],"dc:language.iso":["eng"],"dc:publisher":["University of Missouri--Columbia"],"dc:source":["Submitted by University of Missouri--Columbia Graduate School."],"dc:subject":["Author supplied: polyurethane, castor oil, biological processing"],"dc:title":["Polyurethane foams containing renewable castor oil replacement"],"dc:type":["Thesis"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Biological engineering (MU)"],"thesis:degree_level":["Masters"],"thesis:degree_name":["M.S."],"thesis:institution_name":["University of Missouri--Columbia"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T03:07:24Z"}