{"id":{"repo_id":"mississippi","oai_identifier":"oai:egrove.olemiss.edu:etd-1558"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/mississippi/oai:egrove.olemiss.edu:etd-1558","repository":{"repo_id":"mississippi","name":"University of Mississippi","base_url":"https://egrove.olemiss.edu/do/oai/"},"display":{"title":"The Effect Of Pitching With Underweight And Overweight Balls On Pitch Velocity In Collegiate Baseball Pitchers.","abstract":"BACKGROUND: In an effort to improve overhand throw velocity in baseball pitchers, weighted implement training, which utilizes balls that are heavier or lighter than a competition ball, have been employed. Weighted ball programs have previously been used in baseball pitchers ranging from high school to professional with varying ball weights with mixed results (Straub, 1966; Brose and Hanson, 1967; DeRenne, 1985; DeRenne, 1990; van den Tillaar and Ettema, 2011). PURPOSE: To determine the effect of a commercially available weighted ball program on the throwing velocity of collegiate baseball pitchers over the course of an off-season. METHODS: This retrospective study examined pitch velocity for 56 varsity collegiate baseball pitchers at the University of Mississippi between 2012-2015. The weighted implement (WI) group (n=35) used weighted implement training in addition to normal throwing activities throughout the off-season while the normal throwing (NT) group (n=21) participated in normal throwing activities only. The WI group used baseballs that were 20% overweight (6 ounces), 20% underweight (4 ounces), and regulation weight (5 ounces) while the NT group used only the regulation weight baseball. A repeated measures ANOVA was conducted. Statistical significance was set at p?0.05. RESULTS: Pitch velocity did not significantly increase from the beginning of the off-season to the end of the off-season (p=0.071) for either group and there was no significant difference between the two groups (p=0.271). CONCLUSION: In varsity collegiate pitchers currently involved in general and sport specific training, the current weighted implement throwing program is no more effective than a normal throwing protocol.","abstract_html":"BACKGROUND: In an effort to improve overhand throw velocity in baseball pitchers, weighted implement training, which utilizes balls that are heavier or lighter than a competition ball, have been employed. Weighted ball programs have previously been used in baseball pitchers ranging from high school to professional with varying ball weights with mixed results (Straub, 1966; Brose and Hanson, 1967; DeRenne, 1985; DeRenne, 1990; van den Tillaar and Ettema, 2011). PURPOSE: To determine the effect of a commercially available weighted ball program on the throwing velocity of collegiate baseball pitchers over the course of an off-season. METHODS: This retrospective study examined pitch velocity for 56 varsity collegiate baseball pitchers at the University of Mississippi between 2012-2015. The weighted implement (WI) group (n=35) used weighted implement training in addition to normal throwing activities throughout the off-season while the normal throwing (NT) group (n=21) participated in normal throwing activities only. The WI group used baseballs that were 20% overweight (6 ounces), 20% underweight (4 ounces), and regulation weight (5 ounces) while the NT group used only the regulation weight baseball. A repeated measures ANOVA was conducted. Statistical significance was set at p?0.05. RESULTS: Pitch velocity did not significantly increase from the beginning of the off-season to the end of the off-season (p=0.071) for either group and there was no significant difference between the two groups (p=0.271). CONCLUSION: In varsity collegiate pitchers currently involved in general and sport specific training, the current weighted implement throwing program is no more effective than a normal throwing protocol.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Ake, Hillary"],"institution":null,"degree_name":"M.S.E.S. in Exercise Science","degree_level":"Thesis","degree_discipline":"Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Jay Garner","Paul D. Loprinzi","Scott Owens"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2016,"date_issued":"2016-01-01T08:00:00Z","date_published":"2016-01-01T08:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T03:05:43Z","subjects":["Baseball","Pitch","Velocity","Weighted Ball","Kinesiology"],"languages":[],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://egrove.olemiss.edu/etd/559","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Jay Garner","Paul D. Loprinzi","Scott Owens"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Ake, Hillary"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2019-06-20T07:00:00Z"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["M.S.E.S. in Exercise Science"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Baseball","Pitch","Velocity","Weighted Ball","Kinesiology"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://egrove.olemiss.edu/etd/559"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["BACKGROUND: In an effort to improve overhand throw velocity in baseball pitchers, weighted implement training, which utilizes balls that are heavier or lighter than a competition ball, have been employed. Weighted ball programs have previously been used in baseball pitchers ranging from high school to professional with varying ball weights with mixed results (Straub, 1966; Brose and Hanson, 1967; DeRenne, 1985; DeRenne, 1990; van den Tillaar and Ettema, 2011). PURPOSE: To determine the effect of a commercially available weighted ball program on the throwing velocity of collegiate baseball pitchers over the course of an off-season. METHODS: This retrospective study examined pitch velocity for 56 varsity collegiate baseball pitchers at the University of Mississippi between 2012-2015. The weighted implement (WI) group (n=35) used weighted implement training in addition to normal throwing activities throughout the off-season while the normal throwing (NT) group (n=21) participated in normal throwing activities only. The WI group used baseballs that were 20% overweight (6 ounces), 20% underweight (4 ounces), and regulation weight (5 ounces) while the NT group used only the regulation weight baseball. A repeated measures ANOVA was conducted. Statistical significance was set at p?0.05. RESULTS: Pitch velocity did not significantly increase from the beginning of the off-season to the end of the off-season (p=0.071) for either group and there was no significant difference between the two groups (p=0.271). CONCLUSION: In varsity collegiate pitchers currently involved in general and sport specific training, the current weighted implement throwing program is no more effective than a normal throwing protocol."]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["The Effect Of Pitching With Underweight And Overweight Balls On Pitch Velocity In Collegiate Baseball Pitchers."]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Jay Garner","Paul D. Loprinzi","Scott Owens"],"dc:creator":["Ake, Hillary"],"dc:date.available":["2019-06-20T07:00:00Z"],"dc:description.abstract":["BACKGROUND: In an effort to improve overhand throw velocity in baseball pitchers, weighted implement training, which utilizes balls that are heavier or lighter than a competition ball, have been employed. Weighted ball programs have previously been used in baseball pitchers ranging from high school to professional with varying ball weights with mixed results (Straub, 1966; Brose and Hanson, 1967; DeRenne, 1985; DeRenne, 1990; van den Tillaar and Ettema, 2011). PURPOSE: To determine the effect of a commercially available weighted ball program on the throwing velocity of collegiate baseball pitchers over the course of an off-season. METHODS: This retrospective study examined pitch velocity for 56 varsity collegiate baseball pitchers at the University of Mississippi between 2012-2015. The weighted implement (WI) group (n=35) used weighted implement training in addition to normal throwing activities throughout the off-season while the normal throwing (NT) group (n=21) participated in normal throwing activities only. The WI group used baseballs that were 20% overweight (6 ounces), 20% underweight (4 ounces), and regulation weight (5 ounces) while the NT group used only the regulation weight baseball. A repeated measures ANOVA was conducted. Statistical significance was set at p?0.05. RESULTS: Pitch velocity did not significantly increase from the beginning of the off-season to the end of the off-season (p=0.071) for either group and there was no significant difference between the two groups (p=0.271). CONCLUSION: In varsity collegiate pitchers currently involved in general and sport specific training, the current weighted implement throwing program is no more effective than a normal throwing protocol."],"dc:identifier":["https://egrove.olemiss.edu/etd/559"],"dc:subject":["Baseball","Pitch","Velocity","Weighted Ball","Kinesiology"],"dc:title":["The Effect Of Pitching With Underweight And Overweight Balls On Pitch Velocity In Collegiate Baseball Pitchers."],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management"],"thesis:degree_level":["Thesis"],"thesis:degree_name":["M.S.E.S. in Exercise Science"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T03:05:43Z"}