CHANGES IN VE/VCO2 SLOPE OVER TIME IN LVAD RECIPIENTS

Abstract Background: Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is essential in the evaluation of patients with heart failure (HF), including left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) recipients. Peak oxygen uptake (pVO2) and VE/VCO2 slope are key prognostic parameters, but their values after LVAD implantation and relationship with right ventricular (RV) dysfunction remain poorly understood. Methods: We conducted a multicentre study evaluating with advanced HF patients supported by a LVAD. Fourteen patients were retrospectively analysed and eleven prospectively enrolled between 2012 and 2025. CPET was performed using standardized ramp protocols, and results were compared with matched HF controls from the MECKI score database for sex, BMI, and pVO2 in a 1:3 fashion. Results: Twenty-five LVAD patients (mean age 69 ± 6.5 years) were evaluated 265 [IQR 111-455] days post-implant. Exercise capacity was severely reduced (pVO2 12.1 ± 2.5 ml/kg/min, 47% predicted), with a significant elevation in VE/VCO2 slope (36.6 [IQR 33.1–53.8]). Longitudinal analysis showed an increase in VE/VCO2 slope one year from implantation, despite stable pVO2 and workload. Comparison with matched HF controls confirmed higher VE/VCO2 slope in LVAD recipients. Conclusions: LVAD patients show an increasing ventilatory inefficiency over time, resulting in rising VE/VCO2 slope after one year from implantation. Evaluation of VE/VCO2 slope may provide earlier insight into RV dysfunction and improve long-term risk stratification. Further prospective multicentre studies are needed to validate our findings.

Grantor dc:publisher

Università degli Studi di Milano

Year dc:date

2026

Author dc:creator

• TROMBARA, FILIPPO

Contributors dc:contributor

• tutor: P. Agostoni ; coordinatore: M. S. Clerici
• F. Trombara
• AGOSTONI, PIERGIUSEPPE
• CLERICI, MARIO SALVATORE

• heart failure
• left ventricular assist device
• cardiopulmonary exercise test
• VE/VCO2 slope
• Settore MEDS-07/B - Malattie dell'apparato cardiovascolare

Statement dc:rights

• info:eu-repo/semantics/embargoedAccess
• license:Creative commons
• license uri:http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

Language dc:language

eng

Handle dc:identifier

https://hdl.handle.net/2434/1210013

OAI identifier oai:identifier

oai:air.unimi.it:2434/1210013