DEFATTED SEED CAKES RECOVERY TO INCREASE BIOFUEL PRODUCTION SUSTAINABILITY FROM SECOND-GENERATION OIL-CROPS
type: CreativeWork
description: The Renewable Energy Directive (RED II) requires biodiesel to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by at least 65% compared to fossil fuels. Most first-generation oil crops cannot reach this threshold due to high costs and competition with food, while newgeneration oils, which have emerged in recent decades, are hardly scalable. In this context, second-generation oil crops show promising traits, such as inedible oil, low chemical input requirements, and potential cultivation on marginal lands. However, data on their sustainability are scarce and sometimes contradictory, and their ability to comply with RED II requirements remains unclear. To address this, valorisation of by-products from the biodiesel supply chain has been identified as a key strategy to improve sustainability. This PhD work focused on testing different valorisation pathways for defatted seed cakes (DSCs) from various second-generation oil crops. The first step adopted a comprehensive approach to include DSCs in a circular economy framework. Ricinus communis and Camelina sativa were cultivated over two seasons, in rotation. The chemical characteristics of the oil were compatible with biodiesel synthesis, while the biomethane potential (BMP) of the DSCs (up to 337 ± 15 NmlCH4 g TS-1 ), was comparable to maize silage. Combining double cropping, biogas production, digestate fertilisation, and nitrification inhibitors resulted in an 81% GHG reduction. The second step focused on the valorisation of DSCs from C. sativa, Brassica carinata, and Brassica juncea as animal feed. An in-depth chemical characterization, followed by a literature review, revealed their suitability as a protein source when included at 10% (w/w) of the total ration. AGHG reduction up to 70% was observed. The third step evaluated DSCs for biogas production. B. juncea produced the highest methane yield (366 ± 18 Nml CH4 g−1 TS). Continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) trials achieved a biomethane production of up to 314.5 ± 8.9 Nml g−1…
abstract: The Renewable Energy Directive (RED II) requires biodiesel to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by at least 65% compared to fossil fuels. Most first-generation oil crops cannot reach this threshold due to high costs and competition with food, while newgeneration oils, which have emerged in recent decades, are hardly scalable. In this context, second-generation oil crops show promising traits, such as inedible oil, low chemical input requirements, and potential cultivation on marginal lands. However, data on their sustainability are scarce and sometimes contradictory, and their ability to comply with RED II requirements remains unclear. To address this, valorisation of by-products from the biodiesel supply chain has been identified as a key strategy to improve sustainability. This PhD work focused on testing different valorisation pathways for defatted seed cakes (DSCs) from various second-generation oil crops. The first step adopted a comprehensive approach to include DSCs in a circular economy framework. Ricinus communis and Camelina sativa were cultivated over two seasons, in rotation. The chemical characteristics of the oil were compatible with biodiesel synthesis, while the biomethane potential (BMP) of the DSCs (up to 337 ± 15 NmlCH4 g TS-1 ), was comparable to maize silage. Combining double cropping, biogas production, digestate fertilisation, and nitrification inhibitors resulted in an 81% GHG reduction. The second step focused on the valorisation of DSCs from C. sativa, Brassica carinata, and Brassica juncea as animal feed. An in-depth chemical characterization, followed by a literature review, revealed their suitability as a protein source when included at 10% (w/w) of the total ration. AGHG reduction up to 70% was observed. The third step evaluated DSCs for biogas production. B. juncea produced the highest methane yield (366 ± 18 Nml CH4 g−1 TS). Continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) trials achieved a biomethane production of up to 314.5 ± 8.9 Nml g−1…
author: CERIANI, MATTEO
language: eng
keywords: Bioenergy, Circular economy, Defatted Seed Cake, Biodiesel, Bioga, Second-generation oil crops, Settore AGRI-06/B - Chimica agraria
date published: 2025-12-17
date modified: 2026-07-27T20:18:48Z
provider: Università degli Studi di Milano
publisher: Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations
type: WebPage
source organization: Università degli Studi di Milano

PropertyValue
property ID: Handle
value: https://hdl.handle.net/2434/1200455

PropertyValue
property ID: DOI
value: 10.13130/ceriani-matteo_phd2025-12-17