{"id":{"repo_id":"milano","oai_identifier":"oai:air.unimi.it:2434/1171155"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/milano/oai:air.unimi.it:2434/1171155","repository":{"repo_id":"milano","name":"Università degli Studi di Milano","base_url":"https://air.unimi.it/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"A RANDOMIZED STUDY OF THE GLUNOVO REAL-TIME CGM EFFECTIVENESS ON METABOLIC CONTROL IN PATIENTS WITH T2D","abstract":"Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the real-time continuous glucose monitoring (RT-CGM) system, Glunovo, in improving glycemic control and patient outcomes in individuals with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes (T2D) compared to traditional self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG). Research Design and Methods: This prospective, open-label, randomized controlled trial included 178 patients with T2D from the Fatebenefratelli-Sacco Hospital in Milan. Participants were randomized into 2 groups: 89 patients received the Glunovo RT-CGM (case group), while 89 continued SMBG with standard glucometers (control group). The primary outcome was the change in HbA1c levels after 6 months. Secondary outcomes included time in range (TIR), time above range (TAR), time below range (TBR), mean glucose levels, Glucose Management Indicator GMI and patient satisfaction and well-being assessed by a numeric scale and the WHO-5 Well-Being Scale. Results: After 6 months, the RT-CGM group showed a significant reduction in HbA1c levels (Δ -1.4%, p<0.001), compared to the control group (Δ -0.6% p<0.001). TIR significantly increased in the RT-CGM group (Δ +18.4%, p<0.001). TAR significantly decreased in the RT-CGM group (Δ -17.2%, p<0.001). There was no significant change in TBR in RT-CMG group. The GMI in the RT-CGM group dropped by 1.4% (p<0.001). Satisfaction with the RT-CGM significantly increased (p<0.001), but no significant improvements were observed in the well-being (WHO-5 index). Conclusions: The use of the Glunovo RT-CGM system significantly improved glycemic control and patient satisfaction compared to SMBG. These findings suggest that Glunovo RT-CGM is an effective tool for managing poorly controlled T2D, providing a valuable option for enhancing both glucose regulation and patient self-management through improved dietary awareness and optimized therapy adherence.","abstract_html":"Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the real-time continuous glucose monitoring (RT-CGM) system, Glunovo, in improving glycemic control and patient outcomes in individuals with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes (T2D) compared to traditional self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG). Research Design and Methods: This prospective, open-label, randomized controlled trial included 178 patients with T2D from the Fatebenefratelli-Sacco Hospital in Milan. Participants were randomized into 2 groups: 89 patients received the Glunovo RT-CGM (case group), while 89 continued SMBG with standard glucometers (control group). The primary outcome was the change in HbA1c levels after 6 months. Secondary outcomes included time in range (TIR), time above range (TAR), time below range (TBR), mean glucose levels, Glucose Management Indicator GMI and patient satisfaction and well-being assessed by a numeric scale and the WHO-5 Well-Being Scale. Results: After 6 months, the RT-CGM group showed a significant reduction in HbA1c levels (Δ -1.4%, p&lt;0.001), compared to the control group (Δ -0.6% p&lt;0.001). TIR significantly increased in the RT-CGM group (Δ +18.4%, p&lt;0.001). TAR significantly decreased in the RT-CGM group (Δ -17.2%, p&lt;0.001). There was no significant change in TBR in RT-CMG group. The GMI in the RT-CGM group dropped by 1.4% (p&lt;0.001). Satisfaction with the RT-CGM significantly increased (p&lt;0.001), but no significant improvements were observed in the well-being (WHO-5 index). Conclusions: The use of the Glunovo RT-CGM system significantly improved glycemic control and patient satisfaction compared to SMBG. These findings suggest that Glunovo RT-CGM is an effective tool for managing poorly controlled T2D, providing a valuable option for enhancing both glucose regulation and patient self-management through improved dietary awareness and optimized therapy adherence.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["LAZZARONI, ELISA"],"institution":"Università degli Studi di Milano","degree_name":null,"degree_level":null,"degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["tutor: P. Fiorina","F. D'Addio ; coordinator: F. Cheli","E. Lazzaroni","FIORINA, PAOLO","CHELI, FEDERICA"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2025,"date_issued":"2025-06-30","date_published":"2025-06-30","updated_at":"2026-07-27T20:18:58Z","subjects":["Type 2 diabete","rtCGM","glycemic control","glycated hemoglobin","Settore MEDS-08/A - Endocrinologia"],"languages":["eng"],"rights":["info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess"],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["http://dx.doi.org/10.13130/lazzaroni-elisa_phd2025-06-30","10.13130/lazzaroni-elisa_phd2025-06-30"],"render_values":[{"text":"http://dx.doi.org/10.13130/lazzaroni-elisa_phd2025-06-30","href":"http://dx.doi.org/10.13130/lazzaroni-elisa_phd2025-06-30","code":true},{"text":"10.13130/lazzaroni-elisa_phd2025-06-30","href":"https://doi.org/10.13130/lazzaroni-elisa_phd2025-06-30","code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2434/1171155","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["tutor: P. 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Research Design and Methods: This prospective, open-label, randomized controlled trial included 178 patients with T2D from the Fatebenefratelli-Sacco Hospital in Milan. Participants were randomized into 2 groups: 89 patients received the Glunovo RT-CGM (case group), while 89 continued SMBG with standard glucometers (control group). The primary outcome was the change in HbA1c levels after 6 months. Secondary outcomes included time in range (TIR), time above range (TAR), time below range (TBR), mean glucose levels, Glucose Management Indicator GMI and patient satisfaction and well-being assessed by a numeric scale and the WHO-5 Well-Being Scale. Results: After 6 months, the RT-CGM group showed a significant reduction in HbA1c levels (Δ -1.4%, p<0.001), compared to the control group (Δ -0.6% p<0.001). TIR significantly increased in the RT-CGM group (Δ +18.4%, p<0.001). TAR significantly decreased in the RT-CGM group (Δ -17.2%, p<0.001). There was no significant change in TBR in RT-CMG group. The GMI in the RT-CGM group dropped by 1.4% (p<0.001). Satisfaction with the RT-CGM significantly increased (p<0.001), but no significant improvements were observed in the well-being (WHO-5 index). Conclusions: The use of the Glunovo RT-CGM system significantly improved glycemic control and patient satisfaction compared to SMBG. These findings suggest that Glunovo RT-CGM is an effective tool for managing poorly controlled T2D, providing a valuable option for enhancing both glucose regulation and patient self-management through improved dietary awareness and optimized therapy adherence."]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["A RANDOMIZED STUDY OF THE GLUNOVO REAL-TIME CGM EFFECTIVENESS ON METABOLIC CONTROL IN PATIENTS WITH T2D"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["tutor: P. Fiorina","F. D'Addio ; coordinator: F. Cheli","E. Lazzaroni","FIORINA, PAOLO","CHELI, FEDERICA"],"dc:creator":["LAZZARONI, ELISA"],"dc:date":["2025-06-30"],"dc:description":["Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the real-time continuous glucose monitoring (RT-CGM) system, Glunovo, in improving glycemic control and patient outcomes in individuals with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes (T2D) compared to traditional self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG). Research Design and Methods: This prospective, open-label, randomized controlled trial included 178 patients with T2D from the Fatebenefratelli-Sacco Hospital in Milan. Participants were randomized into 2 groups: 89 patients received the Glunovo RT-CGM (case group), while 89 continued SMBG with standard glucometers (control group). The primary outcome was the change in HbA1c levels after 6 months. Secondary outcomes included time in range (TIR), time above range (TAR), time below range (TBR), mean glucose levels, Glucose Management Indicator GMI and patient satisfaction and well-being assessed by a numeric scale and the WHO-5 Well-Being Scale. Results: After 6 months, the RT-CGM group showed a significant reduction in HbA1c levels (Δ -1.4%, p<0.001), compared to the control group (Δ -0.6% p<0.001). TIR significantly increased in the RT-CGM group (Δ +18.4%, p<0.001). TAR significantly decreased in the RT-CGM group (Δ -17.2%, p<0.001). There was no significant change in TBR in RT-CMG group. The GMI in the RT-CGM group dropped by 1.4% (p<0.001). Satisfaction with the RT-CGM significantly increased (p<0.001), but no significant improvements were observed in the well-being (WHO-5 index). Conclusions: The use of the Glunovo RT-CGM system significantly improved glycemic control and patient satisfaction compared to SMBG. These findings suggest that Glunovo RT-CGM is an effective tool for managing poorly controlled T2D, providing a valuable option for enhancing both glucose regulation and patient self-management through improved dietary awareness and optimized therapy adherence."],"dc:identifier":["https://hdl.handle.net/2434/1171155","http://dx.doi.org/10.13130/lazzaroni-elisa_phd2025-06-30","10.13130/lazzaroni-elisa_phd2025-06-30"],"dc:language":["eng"],"dc:publisher":["Università degli Studi di Milano"],"dc:relation":["numberofpages:50"],"dc:rights":["info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess"],"dc:subject":["Type 2 diabete","rtCGM","glycemic control","glycated hemoglobin","Settore MEDS-08/A - Endocrinologia"],"dc:title":["A RANDOMIZED STUDY OF THE GLUNOVO REAL-TIME CGM EFFECTIVENESS ON METABOLIC CONTROL IN PATIENTS WITH T2D"],"dc:type":["info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-27T20:18:58Z"}