{"id":{"repo_id":"maynooth","oai_identifier":"oai:mural.maynoothuniversity.ie:10389"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/maynooth/oai:mural.maynoothuniversity.ie:10389","repository":{"repo_id":"maynooth","name":"National University of Ireland - Maynooth","base_url":"http://mural.maynoothuniversity.ie/cgi/oai2"},"display":{"title":"Developing the Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure (IRAP) as a Measure of Implicit Homonegativity","abstract":"The current thesis delineates a programme of research that sought to design, develop, and refine an IRAP that could be used as a reasonably reliable and valid measure of implicit homonegativity. A novel feature of the programme was the introduction of a multi-dimensional approach for screening participant sexual orientation. An additional purpose of the current research was to provide the first systematic analysis of implicit homonegativity in Ireland. Over the course of a series of experiments, the IRAP was used to explore implicit homonegativity with a particular focus on: (a) its malleability as a result of situational/context manipulation effects (Experiment 1; Chapter 3) and prior exposure to gay-related exemplars (Experiment 2; Chapter 4); (b) known-group differences and the implications of sensitive multi-dimensional sexual orientation screening (Experiment 3 & 4; Chapters 5 & 6); (c) the impact of response latency restrictions (Experiment 4 & 6; Chapters 6 & 8); (d) the moderating impact of selfreported motivation to control homonegativity on IRAP responses (Experiment 1; Chapter 3); and (e) the impact of single versus multiple labels on the IRAP (Experiment 6; Chapter 8). In addition, Chapter 7 (Experiment 5) again using a known-groups approach, presents the first IAT study to investigate implicit homonegativity in Ireland. Support for the reliability of the IRAP was provided when the same general pattern of pro-straight and anti-gay biases were observed across most of the IRAPs (although moderated by a number of variables). The known-groups studies (Experiments 3 and 4) provided strong support for the validity of the Homonegativity-IRAP (and demonstrated the utility of the multi-dimensional approach to sexual orientation screening that was employed) because it clearly discriminated between Exclusive-Heterosexuals (EH), Non- Exclusive-Heterosexuals (NEH) and Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual (GLB) groups. In addition, reducing the response latency criterion from 3000ms to 2000ms served to increase the size of the IRAP effects and produce a pattern of responding that was more consistent with sexual orientation group status. Unlike the 3000ms IRAP and the IAT, the 2000ms IRAP did not correlate with a measure of social desirability. Arguably the most important finding was that subtle changes in the number and type of stimuli that were employed in the IRAP had a dramatic impact on the size of the D-IRAP effects. Overall, the research reported in the current thesis provides support for the reliability and validity of the Homonegativity-IRAP and suggests that it is a relatively robust measure that could usefully be employed in future investigations of implicit homonegativity.","abstract_html":"The current thesis delineates a programme of research that sought to design, develop, and refine an IRAP that could be used as a reasonably reliable and valid measure of implicit homonegativity. A novel feature of the programme was the introduction of a multi-dimensional approach for screening participant sexual orientation. An additional purpose of the current research was to provide the first systematic analysis of implicit homonegativity in Ireland. Over the course of a series of experiments, the IRAP was used to explore implicit homonegativity with a particular focus on: (a) its malleability as a result of situational/context manipulation effects (Experiment 1; Chapter 3) and prior exposure to gay-related exemplars (Experiment 2; Chapter 4); (b) known-group differences and the implications of sensitive multi-dimensional sexual orientation screening (Experiment 3 & 4; Chapters 5 & 6); (c) the impact of response latency restrictions (Experiment 4 & 6; Chapters 6 & 8); (d) the moderating impact of selfreported motivation to control homonegativity on IRAP responses (Experiment 1; Chapter 3); and (e) the impact of single versus multiple labels on the IRAP (Experiment 6; Chapter 8). In addition, Chapter 7 (Experiment 5) again using a known-groups approach, presents the first IAT study to investigate implicit homonegativity in Ireland. Support for the reliability of the IRAP was provided when the same general pattern of pro-straight and anti-gay biases were observed across most of the IRAPs (although moderated by a number of variables). The known-groups studies (Experiments 3 and 4) provided strong support for the validity of the Homonegativity-IRAP (and demonstrated the utility of the multi-dimensional approach to sexual orientation screening that was employed) because it clearly discriminated between Exclusive-Heterosexuals (EH), Non- Exclusive-Heterosexuals (NEH) and Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual (GLB) groups. In addition, reducing the response latency criterion from 3000ms to 2000ms served to increase the size of the IRAP effects and produce a pattern of responding that was more consistent with sexual orientation group status. Unlike the 3000ms IRAP and the IAT, the 2000ms IRAP did not correlate with a measure of social desirability. Arguably the most important finding was that subtle changes in the number and type of stimuli that were employed in the IRAP had a dramatic impact on the size of the D-IRAP effects. Overall, the research reported in the current thesis provides support for the reliability and validity of the Homonegativity-IRAP and suggests that it is a relatively robust measure that could usefully be employed in future investigations of implicit homonegativity.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Cullen, Claire"],"institution":"National University of Ireland Maynooth","degree_name":"phd","degree_level":"doctoral","degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2015,"date_issued":"2015","date_published":"2015","updated_at":"2026-07-24T03:03:02Z","subjects":[],"languages":["en"],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":null,"outbound_label":null,"outbound_source":null},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Cullen, Claire"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2015"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["2015"]},{"key":"dc:publisher.institution","label":"Dc Publisher Institution","values":["National University of Ireland Maynooth"]},{"key":"dc:relation.isreferencedby","label":"Dc Relation Isreferencedby","values":["https://mural.maynoothuniversity.ie/id/eprint/10389/"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"dc:type.qualificationlevel","label":"Dc Type Qualificationlevel","values":["doctoral"]},{"key":"dc:type.qualificationname","label":"Dc Type Qualificationname","values":["phd"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["en"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["https://mural.maynoothuniversity.ie/id/eprint/10389/1/CLAIRE%20CULLEN%20PhD%20THESIS.pdf"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["The current thesis delineates a programme of research that sought to design, develop, and refine an IRAP that could be used as a reasonably reliable and valid measure of implicit homonegativity. A novel feature of the programme was the introduction of a multi-dimensional approach for screening participant sexual orientation. An additional purpose of the current research was to provide the first systematic analysis of implicit homonegativity in Ireland. Over the course of a series of experiments, the IRAP was used to explore implicit homonegativity with a particular focus on: (a) its malleability as a result of situational/context manipulation effects (Experiment 1; Chapter 3) and prior exposure to gay-related exemplars (Experiment 2; Chapter 4); (b) known-group differences and the implications of sensitive multi-dimensional sexual orientation screening (Experiment 3 & 4; Chapters 5 & 6); (c) the impact of response latency restrictions (Experiment 4 & 6; Chapters 6 & 8); (d) the moderating impact of selfreported motivation to control homonegativity on IRAP responses (Experiment 1; Chapter 3); and (e) the impact of single versus multiple labels on the IRAP (Experiment 6; Chapter 8). In addition, Chapter 7 (Experiment 5) again using a known-groups approach, presents the first IAT study to investigate implicit homonegativity in Ireland. Support for the reliability of the IRAP was provided when the same general pattern of pro-straight and anti-gay biases were observed across most of the IRAPs (although moderated by a number of variables). The known-groups studies (Experiments 3 and 4) provided strong support for the validity of the Homonegativity-IRAP (and demonstrated the utility of the multi-dimensional approach to sexual orientation screening that was employed) because it clearly discriminated between Exclusive-Heterosexuals (EH), Non- Exclusive-Heterosexuals (NEH) and Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual (GLB) groups. In addition, reducing the response latency criterion from 3000ms to 2000ms served to increase the size of the IRAP effects and produce a pattern of responding that was more consistent with sexual orientation group status. Unlike the 3000ms IRAP and the IAT, the 2000ms IRAP did not correlate with a measure of social desirability. Arguably the most important finding was that subtle changes in the number and type of stimuli that were employed in the IRAP had a dramatic impact on the size of the D-IRAP effects. Overall, the research reported in the current thesis provides support for the reliability and validity of the Homonegativity-IRAP and suggests that it is a relatively robust measure that could usefully be employed in future investigations of implicit homonegativity."]},{"key":"dc:format","label":"Dc Format","values":["text"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Developing the Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure (IRAP) as a Measure of Implicit Homonegativity"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:creator":["Cullen, Claire"],"dc:date":["2015"],"dc:date.issued":["2015"],"dc:description.abstract":["The current thesis delineates a programme of research that sought to design, develop, and refine an IRAP that could be used as a reasonably reliable and valid measure of implicit homonegativity. A novel feature of the programme was the introduction of a multi-dimensional approach for screening participant sexual orientation. An additional purpose of the current research was to provide the first systematic analysis of implicit homonegativity in Ireland. Over the course of a series of experiments, the IRAP was used to explore implicit homonegativity with a particular focus on: (a) its malleability as a result of situational/context manipulation effects (Experiment 1; Chapter 3) and prior exposure to gay-related exemplars (Experiment 2; Chapter 4); (b) known-group differences and the implications of sensitive multi-dimensional sexual orientation screening (Experiment 3 & 4; Chapters 5 & 6); (c) the impact of response latency restrictions (Experiment 4 & 6; Chapters 6 & 8); (d) the moderating impact of selfreported motivation to control homonegativity on IRAP responses (Experiment 1; Chapter 3); and (e) the impact of single versus multiple labels on the IRAP (Experiment 6; Chapter 8). In addition, Chapter 7 (Experiment 5) again using a known-groups approach, presents the first IAT study to investigate implicit homonegativity in Ireland. Support for the reliability of the IRAP was provided when the same general pattern of pro-straight and anti-gay biases were observed across most of the IRAPs (although moderated by a number of variables). The known-groups studies (Experiments 3 and 4) provided strong support for the validity of the Homonegativity-IRAP (and demonstrated the utility of the multi-dimensional approach to sexual orientation screening that was employed) because it clearly discriminated between Exclusive-Heterosexuals (EH), Non- Exclusive-Heterosexuals (NEH) and Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual (GLB) groups. In addition, reducing the response latency criterion from 3000ms to 2000ms served to increase the size of the IRAP effects and produce a pattern of responding that was more consistent with sexual orientation group status. Unlike the 3000ms IRAP and the IAT, the 2000ms IRAP did not correlate with a measure of social desirability. Arguably the most important finding was that subtle changes in the number and type of stimuli that were employed in the IRAP had a dramatic impact on the size of the D-IRAP effects. Overall, the research reported in the current thesis provides support for the reliability and validity of the Homonegativity-IRAP and suggests that it is a relatively robust measure that could usefully be employed in future investigations of implicit homonegativity."],"dc:format":["text"],"dc:identifier.uri":["https://mural.maynoothuniversity.ie/id/eprint/10389/1/CLAIRE%20CULLEN%20PhD%20THESIS.pdf"],"dc:language":["en"],"dc:publisher.institution":["National University of Ireland Maynooth"],"dc:relation.isreferencedby":["https://mural.maynoothuniversity.ie/id/eprint/10389/"],"dc:title":["Developing the Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure (IRAP) as a Measure of Implicit Homonegativity"],"dc:type":["Thesis"],"dc:type.qualificationlevel":["doctoral"],"dc:type.qualificationname":["phd"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T03:03:02Z"}