Beef hydrolysis by Zyactinase™ enzymes : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand.
type: CreativeWork
description: Protein hydrolysis is the term that applies to all possible ways of splitting proteins to produce products with lower molecular weight. There is a continuous search for novel products derived from waste materials. In the developed nations considerable amount of meat off-cuts are discarded each year. Utilizing these leftovers by developing new technology for protein recovery and modification and production of a broad spectrum of food ingredients greatly enhances its final value. The aim of this research was to partially hydrolyse beef meat protein with a commercial kiwifruit product called ZyactinaseTM, which is essentially freeze-dried kiwifruit to determine the effect of various processing conditions that influence the extent of beef meat hydrolysis. Secondly to determine the peptide and amino acid profile of the beef meat sample after hydrolysis. Thirdly to determine the relative reaction of ZyactinaseTM on various beef meat protein fractions. This study also aimed to evaluate the rate and the extent of partial enzymic hydrolysis of lean beef using ZyactinaseTM enzymes in order to obtain a better understanding of protein hydrolysis reaction. Lean beef minced was partially hydrolysed using the Zyactinase enzymes for different processing times (up to 360 minutes), temperatures (27°C to 70°C) and varying enzyme concentrations. No pH adjustment on the raw material was carried out except for pH studies. The hydrolysates were collected and analysed for total nitrogen content and degree of hydrolysis. The method used to characterize the extent of protein hydrolysis was SN-TCA index (fraction of nitrogen soluble in trichloroacetic acid) also called non-protein nitrogen NPN. Peptide and amino acid in protein hydrolysates were analysed by HPLC and different protein fractions in the hydrolysates were characterised by SDS-PAGE. The relationship between the reaction temperature, enzyme concentration and processing time to the total nitrogen and NPN were determined. The total n…
abstract: Protein hydrolysis is the term that applies to all possible ways of splitting proteins to produce products with lower molecular weight. There is a continuous search for novel products derived from waste materials. In the developed nations considerable amount of meat off-cuts are discarded each year. Utilizing these leftovers by developing new technology for protein recovery and modification and production of a broad spectrum of food ingredients greatly enhances its final value. The aim of this research was to partially hydrolyse beef meat protein with a commercial kiwifruit product called ZyactinaseTM, which is essentially freeze-dried kiwifruit to determine the effect of various processing conditions that influence the extent of beef meat hydrolysis. Secondly to determine the peptide and amino acid profile of the beef meat sample after hydrolysis. Thirdly to determine the relative reaction of ZyactinaseTM on various beef meat protein fractions. This study also aimed to evaluate the rate and the extent of partial enzymic hydrolysis of lean beef using ZyactinaseTM enzymes in order to obtain a better understanding of protein hydrolysis reaction. Lean beef minced was partially hydrolysed using the Zyactinase enzymes for different processing times (up to 360 minutes), temperatures (27°C to 70°C) and varying enzyme concentrations. No pH adjustment on the raw material was carried out except for pH studies. The hydrolysates were collected and analysed for total nitrogen content and degree of hydrolysis. The method used to characterize the extent of protein hydrolysis was SN-TCA index (fraction of nitrogen soluble in trichloroacetic acid) also called non-protein nitrogen NPN. Peptide and amino acid in protein hydrolysates were analysed by HPLC and different protein fractions in the hydrolysates were characterised by SDS-PAGE. The relationship between the reaction temperature, enzyme concentration and processing time to the total nitrogen and NPN were determined. The total n…
author: Ahmad, Noriza Binti
keywords: Beef, Protein hydrolysates, Hydrolysis, Hydrolases, Research Subject Categories::TECHNOLOGY::Chemical engineering::Food technology
date published: 2016
date modified: 2026-07-27T20:17:21Z
provider: Massey University
publisher: Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations
type: WebPage
source organization: Massey University