{"id":{"repo_id":"lund","oai_identifier":"oai:lup.lub.lu.se:2925adc3-19e7-4b9f-b763-0da64070cd22"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/lund/oai:lup.lub.lu.se:2925adc3-19e7-4b9f-b763-0da64070cd22","repository":{"repo_id":"lund","name":"University of Lund","base_url":"https://lup.lub.lu.se/oai"},"display":{"title":"Exercise physiology and cardiac function. Aspects on determinants of maximal oxygen uptake","abstract":"Although the athlete's heart has been of interest for over 100 years, further characterization of the athletes heart is needed in order to understand how training affects cardiac dimensions and function. Few studies have investigated the effects of training in female athletes and few have compared males and females. Therefore, the aim of this thesis was to characterize the physiologically enlarged athlete's heart and the healthy respiratory response to exercise in both males and females, in order to facilitate the differentiation between the physiologically enlarged heart and the pathologically enlarged heart. Paper I showed that the total heart volume (THV) increases with training in both males and females, with a balanced enlargement of the left and right ventricle. Furthermore, THV was a strong, independent predictor of peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak). Males had a larger left ventricular mass (LVM) normalized to THV when compared to females of similar fitness level. In Paper II, THV in relation to VO2peak was compared between 31 patients diagnosed with heart failure and a control group consisting of athletes and normal subjects. The ratio between VO2peak and THV (VO2peak/THV) was defined as the cardiac reserve index. Cardiac reserve index was significantly lower in patients when compared to athletes and controls. This difference also remained when only patients with normal ejection fraction were compared with the control group. Paper III investigated three different respiratory indices (Dx, Px and Pq) in triathletes and controls. The sequence in which the indices occurred during an incremental exercise test differed between well trained and untrained subjects. This difference was shown to be caused by the well trained subjects' ability to metabolize fat at high workloads. In Paper IV cardiac pumping mechanics was compared between athletes and controls matched for age and gender. Cardiac pumping was divided into longitudinal pumping and radial pumping. Except for the longitudinal contribution to the left ventricular stroke volume in males, the results of Paper IV showed that there were essentially no difference in cardiac pumping mechanics between males and females, and between athletes and controls. This emphasizes the results from Paper I that it is the total heart volume that is the dominant determinant for cardiac performance.","abstract_html":"Although the athlete's heart has been of interest for over 100 years, further characterization of the athletes heart is needed in order to understand how training affects cardiac dimensions and function. Few studies have investigated the effects of training in female athletes and few have compared males and females. Therefore, the aim of this thesis was to characterize the physiologically enlarged athlete's heart and the healthy respiratory response to exercise in both males and females, in order to facilitate the differentiation between the physiologically enlarged heart and the pathologically enlarged heart. Paper I showed that the total heart volume (THV) increases with training in both males and females, with a balanced enlargement of the left and right ventricle. Furthermore, THV was a strong, independent predictor of peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak). Males had a larger left ventricular mass (LVM) normalized to THV when compared to females of similar fitness level. In Paper II, THV in relation to VO2peak was compared between 31 patients diagnosed with heart failure and a control group consisting of athletes and normal subjects. The ratio between VO2peak and THV (VO2peak/THV) was defined as the cardiac reserve index. Cardiac reserve index was significantly lower in patients when compared to athletes and controls. This difference also remained when only patients with normal ejection fraction were compared with the control group. Paper III investigated three different respiratory indices (Dx, Px and Pq) in triathletes and controls. The sequence in which the indices occurred during an incremental exercise test differed between well trained and untrained subjects. This difference was shown to be caused by the well trained subjects' ability to metabolize fat at high workloads. In Paper IV cardiac pumping mechanics was compared between athletes and controls matched for age and gender. Cardiac pumping was divided into longitudinal pumping and radial pumping. Except for the longitudinal contribution to the left ventricular stroke volume in males, the results of Paper IV showed that there were essentially no difference in cardiac pumping mechanics between males and females, and between athletes and controls. This emphasizes the results from Paper I that it is the total heart volume that is the dominant determinant for cardiac performance.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Steding Ehrenborg, Katarina"],"institution":"Department of Clinical Physiology, Lund University","degree_name":null,"degree_level":null,"degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2010,"date_issued":"2010","date_published":"2010","updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:59:49Z","subjects":["Respiratory Medicine and Allergy","Cardiology and Cardiovascular Disease","respiratory indices","peak oxygen uptake","heart failure","cardiac magnetic resonance imaging","exercise physiology"],"languages":["eng"],"rights":["info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess"],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["urn:isbn:978-91-86671-06-8"],"render_values":[{"text":"urn:isbn:978-91-86671-06-8","href":null,"code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/1685440","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Steding Ehrenborg, Katarina"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2010"]},{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["Department of Clinical Physiology, Lund University"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["thesis/doccomp","info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis","text"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Respiratory Medicine and Allergy","Cardiology and Cardiovascular Disease","respiratory indices","peak oxygen uptake","heart failure","cardiac magnetic resonance imaging","exercise physiology"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["eng"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/1685440","urn:isbn:978-91-86671-06-8","https://portal.research.lu.se/files/3893144/1685441.pdf"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["Although the athlete's heart has been of interest for over 100 years, further characterization of the athletes heart is needed in order to understand how training affects cardiac dimensions and function. Few studies have investigated the effects of training in female athletes and few have compared males and females. Therefore, the aim of this thesis was to characterize the physiologically enlarged athlete's heart and the healthy respiratory response to exercise in both males and females, in order to facilitate the differentiation between the physiologically enlarged heart and the pathologically enlarged heart. Paper I showed that the total heart volume (THV) increases with training in both males and females, with a balanced enlargement of the left and right ventricle. Furthermore, THV was a strong, independent predictor of peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak). Males had a larger left ventricular mass (LVM) normalized to THV when compared to females of similar fitness level. In Paper II, THV in relation to VO2peak was compared between 31 patients diagnosed with heart failure and a control group consisting of athletes and normal subjects. The ratio between VO2peak and THV (VO2peak/THV) was defined as the cardiac reserve index. Cardiac reserve index was significantly lower in patients when compared to athletes and controls. This difference also remained when only patients with normal ejection fraction were compared with the control group. Paper III investigated three different respiratory indices (Dx, Px and Pq) in triathletes and controls. The sequence in which the indices occurred during an incremental exercise test differed between well trained and untrained subjects. This difference was shown to be caused by the well trained subjects' ability to metabolize fat at high workloads. In Paper IV cardiac pumping mechanics was compared between athletes and controls matched for age and gender. Cardiac pumping was divided into longitudinal pumping and radial pumping. Except for the longitudinal contribution to the left ventricular stroke volume in males, the results of Paper IV showed that there were essentially no difference in cardiac pumping mechanics between males and females, and between athletes and controls. This emphasizes the results from Paper I that it is the total heart volume that is the dominant determinant for cardiac performance."]},{"key":"dc:format","label":"Dc Format","values":["application/pdf"]},{"key":"dc:source","label":"Dc Source","values":["Lund University Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series; 2010:90 (2010)","ISSN: 1652-8220"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Exercise physiology and cardiac function. Aspects on determinants of maximal oxygen uptake"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:creator":["Steding Ehrenborg, Katarina"],"dc:date":["2010"],"dc:description":["Although the athlete's heart has been of interest for over 100 years, further characterization of the athletes heart is needed in order to understand how training affects cardiac dimensions and function. Few studies have investigated the effects of training in female athletes and few have compared males and females. Therefore, the aim of this thesis was to characterize the physiologically enlarged athlete's heart and the healthy respiratory response to exercise in both males and females, in order to facilitate the differentiation between the physiologically enlarged heart and the pathologically enlarged heart. Paper I showed that the total heart volume (THV) increases with training in both males and females, with a balanced enlargement of the left and right ventricle. Furthermore, THV was a strong, independent predictor of peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak). Males had a larger left ventricular mass (LVM) normalized to THV when compared to females of similar fitness level. In Paper II, THV in relation to VO2peak was compared between 31 patients diagnosed with heart failure and a control group consisting of athletes and normal subjects. The ratio between VO2peak and THV (VO2peak/THV) was defined as the cardiac reserve index. Cardiac reserve index was significantly lower in patients when compared to athletes and controls. This difference also remained when only patients with normal ejection fraction were compared with the control group. Paper III investigated three different respiratory indices (Dx, Px and Pq) in triathletes and controls. The sequence in which the indices occurred during an incremental exercise test differed between well trained and untrained subjects. This difference was shown to be caused by the well trained subjects' ability to metabolize fat at high workloads. In Paper IV cardiac pumping mechanics was compared between athletes and controls matched for age and gender. Cardiac pumping was divided into longitudinal pumping and radial pumping. Except for the longitudinal contribution to the left ventricular stroke volume in males, the results of Paper IV showed that there were essentially no difference in cardiac pumping mechanics between males and females, and between athletes and controls. This emphasizes the results from Paper I that it is the total heart volume that is the dominant determinant for cardiac performance."],"dc:format":["application/pdf"],"dc:identifier":["https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/1685440","urn:isbn:978-91-86671-06-8","https://portal.research.lu.se/files/3893144/1685441.pdf"],"dc:language":["eng"],"dc:publisher":["Department of Clinical Physiology, Lund University"],"dc:rights":["info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess"],"dc:source":["Lund University Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series; 2010:90 (2010)","ISSN: 1652-8220"],"dc:subject":["Respiratory Medicine and Allergy","Cardiology and Cardiovascular Disease","respiratory indices","peak oxygen uptake","heart failure","cardiac magnetic resonance imaging","exercise physiology"],"dc:title":["Exercise physiology and cardiac function. Aspects on determinants of maximal oxygen uptake"],"dc:type":["thesis/doccomp","info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis","text"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:59:49Z"}